Revision as of 11:41, 28 January 2026

Abstract

The application of compensated foundations is common in engineering, but significant settlements often occur during the application process. A foundation pit model supported by a rigid retaining wall was established based on the Finite Element Method-Discrete Element Method (FEMDEM), and a cantilevered layer-by-layer excavation process was simulated. A rolling resistance linear model was used to simulate the sand, while a variable particle size method was adopted to establish the foundation model. It is shown that during the excavation process of the foundation pit, the stress of the sand at the pit bottom gradually decreases, and the displacement of the soil changes gradually fromsettlement to uplift as one moves frombehind the retaining wall to the bottomof the foundation pit. Moreover, theporosityof the sandat thepit bottomgradually increases.As a result, the strength of the uplifted sand at the pit bottomdecreases due to over-excavation during the foundation pit excavation stage. The uplifted sand is finally excavated during the site leveling stage, resulting in a further decrease in the strength of the sand at the pit bottom. Finally, an inverted arch bottom plate structure is proposed to mitigate the over-excavation settlement of the compensated foundation.

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