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== Abstract ==
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The  strong  diffusion  of  Fiber  Reinforced  Cementitious  Matrix  (FRCM) composites  for  the  reinforcement  of  historic  masonry  constructions  requires  suitable experimental techniques for assessing possible defects in the adhesion between FRCM and masonry, and between FRCM layers. To this aim, in this paper, an innovative nonlinear ultrasonic approach based on the Side-band Peak Count (SPC) technique is proposed. This approach  is  discussed  and  validated  through  experimental  tests  made  on  tuff  substrates reinforced with FRCM mortars embedding a basalt fibers grid and having known artificial defects at the adhesion between tuff and FRCM as well as in the fiber grid
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== Full document ==
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<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_851981129p1014.pdf</pdf>
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== References ==
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[2] Bove, M., Castellano, A., Fraddosio, A., Scacco, J., Milani, G. and Piccioni, M.D. Experimental and numerical analysis of FRCM strengthened parabolic tuff barrel vault. Key Eng. Mater. (2019)817 KEM:213-220.  
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[3] Olivito, R.S., Codispoti, R. and Cevallos, O.A. Bond behavior of Flax-FRCM and PBO-FRCM  composites applied on clay bricks: Experimental and theoretical study. Compos. Struct. (2016) 146:221–31.  
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[4] Büyüköztürk, O., Haupt, R., Tuakta, C. and Chen, J. Remote Detection of Debonding in FRP strengthened Concrete Structures Using Acoustic-Laser Technique. In: O. Büyüköztürk et al.  (Eds.): Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, RILEM Bookseries 6 (2013), pp. 19-24.  
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[6] Yan, D., Drinkwater, B.W., Neild, S.A. Measurement of the ultrasonic nonlinearity of kissing  bonds in adhesive joints”. NDT E Int. (2009) 42(5):459-466.  
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[7] Liu, P., Sohn, H., Kundu, T., Yang, S. Noncontact detection of fatigue cracks by laser nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (LNWMS)”. NDT E Int. (2014) 66:106-116.  
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[8] Camassa, D., Castellano, A., Fraddosio, A., Piccioni, M.D. Improvements of the Ultrasonic  Tomography for Applications to Historical Masonry Constructions. In: R. Aguilar et al. (Eds.):  Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, RILEM Bookseries 18 (2019), pp. 447-455.  
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[9] Shen, Y. and Cesnik, C.E.S. Nonlinear scattering and mode conversion of Lamb waves at  breathing cracks: An efficient numerical approach. Ultrasonics (2019) 94:202-217.  
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[10] Eiras, J.N., Kundu, T., Bonilla, M. and Payá, J. Nondestructive monitoring of ageing of alkali resistant glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC). J. Nondestruct. Eval. (2013) 32(3):300-314.  
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[11] Liu, P., Sohn, H., Kundu, T. and Yang, S. Noncontact detection of fatigue cracks by laser  nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy (LNWMS). NDT E Int. (2014) 66:106-116.  
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[12] Hafezi, M.H., Alebrahim R. and Kundu T. Peri-ultrasound for modeling linear and nonlinear  ultrasonic response”. Ultrasonics (2017) 80:47-57.  
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[13] Kundu, T., Eiras, J.N., Li, W., Liu, P., Sohn, H. and Payá J. Fundamentals of Nonlinear  Acoustical Techniques and Sideband Peak Count. In: T. Kundu (Ed.): Nonlinear Ultrasonic and Vibro-Acoustical Techniques for Nondestructive Evaluation, Springer, Cham (2019), pp. 1-88.  
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[14] Castellano, A., Foti, P., Fraddosio, A., Marzano, S. and Piccioni, M.D. Ultrasonic immersion tests for mechanical characterization of multilayered anisotropic materials. In EESMS 2014 - 2014 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems, Proceedings (2014), pp. 63-68.  
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[15] Castellano, A., Fraddosio, A. and Piccioni, M.D. Quantitative analysis of QSI and LVI damage in GFRP unidirectional composite laminates by a new ultrasonic approach. Compos. B. Eng. (2018) 151: 106-117.
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Published on 30/11/21
Submitted on 30/11/21

Volume Inspection methods, non-destructive techniques and laboratory testing, 2021
DOI: 10.23967/sahc.2021.163
Licence: CC BY-NC-SA license

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