== Abstract ==

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This paper considers the lift forces acting on a pipeline with a small gap between the pipeline and the plane bottom or scoring bottom. A more reasonable fluid force on the pipeline has been obtained by applying the knowledge of modified potential theory (MPT), which includes the influences of the downstream wake. By finite element method, an iteration procedure is used to solve problems of the nonlinear fluid-structure interaction. Comparing the deflection and the stress distributions with the difference sea bottoms, the failure patterns of a spanning pipeline have been discussed. The results are essential for engineers to assess pipeline stability.

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== Original document ==

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The different versions of the original document can be found in:

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* [http://dspace.imech.ac.cn/bitstream/311007/44324/1/004.pdf http://dspace.imech.ac.cn/bitstream/311007/44324/1/004.pdf] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa

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* [http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/OMAE/proceedings-pdf/doi/10.1115/OMAE2009-79283/4583996/191_1.pdf http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/OMAE/proceedings-pdf/doi/10.1115/OMAE2009-79283/4583996/191_1.pdf],

: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79283 http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79283] under the license cc-by-nc-sa

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* [https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/OMAE/proceedings/OMAE2009/43437/191/338792 https://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/OMAE/proceedings/OMAE2009/43437/191/338792],

: [http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1623584 http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1623584],

: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2056704688 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2056704688]

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