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== Abstract ==3
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This article focuses on testing and investigating further development needs for LiDARs in self-driving cars in adverse weather. The article compares two different LiDARs (Ibeo Lux and Velodyne PUCK), which both use the 905 nm wavelengths, which are used in more than 95% of currently available LiDARs. The performance was tested and estimated in stabilized fog conditions at Cerema fog chamber facilities. This provides a good basis for repeating the same validation procedure multiple times and ensuring the right development decisions. However, performance of the LiDARs suffers when the weather conditions become adverse and visibility range decreases. A 50% reduction in target detection performance was observed over the exhaustive tests. Therefore, changing to higher wavelengths (1550 nm) was considered using redesigned 'pre-prototype LiDAR'. The preliminary results indicate that there is no reason to not use 1550 nm wavelength, which due to eye safety regulations gives an opportunity to use 20 times more power compared to the traditional 905 nm. In order to clarify the expected benefits, additional feasibility studies are still needed.5
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== Original document ==8
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The different versions of the original document can be found in:10
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569624]12
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* [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01992057 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01992057]14
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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624],16
: [https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/3028b388-3914-4dc6-892f-2568a10d25d2 https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/3028b388-3914-4dc6-892f-2568a10d25d2]17
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* [http://juuli.fi/Record/0333856018 http://juuli.fi/Record/0333856018],19
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624]20
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* [http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/8543039/8569013/08569624.pdf?arnumber=8569624 http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/8543039/8569013/08569624.pdf?arnumber=8569624],22
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569624]23
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* [https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/3028b388-3914-4dc6-892f-2568a10d25d2 https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/3028b388-3914-4dc6-892f-2568a10d25d2],25
: [https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624 https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624],26
: [https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/files/33650663/Automotive_LiDAR_performance.pdf https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/files/33650663/Automotive_LiDAR_performance.pdf],27
: [http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060491716&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060491716&partnerID=8YFLogxK]28
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* [https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/automotive-lidar-performance-verification-in-fog-and-rain https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/automotive-lidar-performance-verification-in-fog-and-rain],30
: [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/itsc/itsc2018.html#KutilaPHCD18 https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/itsc/itsc2018.html#KutilaPHCD18],31
: [https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624 https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2018.8569624],32
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2904648219 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2904648219]33
Return to Pyykonen et al 2018a.
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