== Abstract ==

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This paper will go through the history of the steel making process and how these changes have affected the quality of steel. The process has changed dramatically from early processes to methods used today. Development of these methods resulted in more cost effective manufacturing. One of the methods developed was to use chemistry to enhance the steel. The chemistry of micro alloyed steels will be explained in detail and the benefits and drawbacks of specifying these types of steel for pipeline projects will be discussed. The elements that make up the steel composition, such as Carbon, Manganese, Sulfur, Columbium, and Vanadium, will be discussed and the effect on the steel will be explained. Actual steel making data will be presented and discussed. Pressure vessel quality steel and what the term means will be evaluated. Controlled rolling practices will be explained and how they can be used to affect the steel properties. The paper will take the information about steel and discuss how these changes should or could be used in the design and specifications for pipelines. Finally the cost benefit of these steels will be discussed.

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== Original document ==

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The different versions of the original document can be found in:

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* [http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/435c/6eb6995ea58bf90a0ef1ab947659367a39f8.pdf http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/435c/6eb6995ea58bf90a0ef1ab947659367a39f8.pdf]

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* [http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/40854%28211%2948 http://ascelibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.1061/40854%28211%2948],

: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40854(211)48 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40854(211)48]

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* [http://www.nwpipe.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Steel-Making-Advancements-2006.pdf http://www.nwpipe.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Steel-Making-Advancements-2006.pdf],

: [https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40854%28211%2948 https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/40854%28211%2948],

: [https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=841463 https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=841463],

: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2004100397 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2004100397]

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