== Abstract ==

​

Tokyo’s railway station areas are models of transit-oriented design. To differentiate them from transit-oriented developments (TOD), the term rail integrated community (RIC) has been created to describe these high density, safe, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly developments around railway stations that act as community hubs, served by frequent, all-day, rail rapid transit and are accessed primarily on foot, by bicycle, or by public transit. Japanese private railways have been instrumental in creating these RICs. Though they receive little financial support from the government, private railways in Japan achieve profitability by diversifying into real estate, retail, and numerous other businesses. Tokyu Corporation is used as the case study to exemplify how government policy and socioeconomic context contributed to the successful private railway model. Ten indicators, such as ridership, population density and mode share are used to analyze two stations created by Tokyu to demonstrate how this model is manifested in Tokyu’s rail integrated communities.

​

​

== Original document ==

​

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

​

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280 http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280]

​

* [http://summit.sfu.ca/item/9470 http://summit.sfu.ca/item/9470]

​

* [http://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280/201 http://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280/201]

​

* [https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/download/280/201 https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/download/280/201] under the license cc-by-nc

​

* [https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280 https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280],

: [https://doaj.org/toc/1938-7849 https://doaj.org/toc/1938-7849]

​

* [https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280 https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/280],

: [https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/download/280/201 https://www.jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/download/280/201],

: [http://summit.sfu.ca/item/9470 http://summit.sfu.ca/item/9470],

: [http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/9470/etd4464_JCalimente.pdf http://summit.sfu.ca/system/files/iritems1/9470/etd4464_JCalimente.pdf],

: [https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/jtralu/0074.html https://ideas.repec.org/a/ris/jtralu/0074.html],

: [https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/171057 https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/171057],

: [https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/171057/JTLU_vol5_no1_pp19-32.pdf;sequence=1 https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/171057/JTLU_vol5_no1_pp19-32.pdf;sequence=1],

: [https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/research/4559 https://www.worldtransitresearch.info/research/4559],

: [https://trid.trb.org/view/1148155 https://trid.trb.org/view/1148155],

: [https://core.ac.uk/display/76353595 https://core.ac.uk/display/76353595],

: [https://doaj.org/article/221646e2066f4979997237ba9322b4e4 https://doaj.org/article/221646e2066f4979997237ba9322b4e4],

: [https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201902215926150974 https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201902215926150974],

: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2102690263 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2102690263]

​