== Abstract ==

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We explain how network failures were caused by a natural disaster, describe the restoration steps that were taken, and present lessons learned from the recovery. At 21:26 on December 26th (UTC+9), 2006, there was a serious undersea earthquake off the coast of Taiwan, which measured 7.1 on the Richter scale. This earthquake caused significant damage to submarine cable systems. The resulting fiber cable failures shut down communications in several countries in the Asia Pacific networks. In the first post-earthquake recovery step, BGP routers detoured traffic along redundant backup paths, which provided poor quality connection. Subsequently, operators engineered traffic to improve the quality of recovered communication. To avoid filling narrow-bandwidth links with detoured traffic, the operators had to change the BGP routing policy. Despite the routing-level first aid, a few institutions could not be directly connected to the R&E network community because they had only a single link to the network. For these single-link networks, the commodity link was temporarily used for connectivity. Then, cable connection configurations at the switches were changed to provide high bandwidth and next-generation Internet service. From the whole restoration procedure, we learned that redundant BGP routing information is useful for recovering connectivity but not for providing available bandwidth for the re-routed traffic load and that collaboration between operators is valuable in solving traffic engineering issues such as poor-quality re-routing and lost connections of single-link networks.

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== Original document ==

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The different versions of the original document can be found in:

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* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e90-b.11.3095 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e90-b.11.3095]

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* [http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/experience-with-restoration-of-asia-pacific-network-failures-from-taiwan-earthquake http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/experience-with-restoration-of-asia-pacific-network-failures-from-taiwan-earthquake]

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* [https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/30717 https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/30717] under the license cc-by

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* [https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/30717 https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/30717] under the license cc-by

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* [http://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/30717 http://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/30717],

: [http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/27438 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/27438]

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* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ieicet/ieicet90b.html#KitamuraLSO07 https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ieicet/ieicet90b.html#KitamuraLSO07],

: [https://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-statistical-studies-observations-and-planning/experience-with-restoration-of-asia-pacific-network-failures-from-taiwan-earthquake https://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-statistical-studies-observations-and-planning/experience-with-restoration-of-asia-pacific-network-failures-from-taiwan-earthquake],

: [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3500893 https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3500893],

: [https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007538325 https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007538325],

: [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IEITC..90.3095K/abstract https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007IEITC..90.3095K/abstract],

: [http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007538325 http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007538325],

: [https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/experience-with-restoration-of-asia-pacific-network-failures-from https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/experience-with-restoration-of-asia-pacific-network-failures-from],

: [http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ieicet/ieicet90b.html#KitamuraLSO07 http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/ieicet/ieicet90b.html#KitamuraLSO07],

: [https://search.ieice.org/bin/pdf_link.php?fname=e90-b_11_3095 https://search.ieice.org/bin/pdf_link.php?fname=e90-b_11_3095],

: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2158678544 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2158678544]

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DOIS: 10.5772/27438 10.1093/ietcom/e90-b.11.3095

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