Abstract

The proposal introduces a “temporary legal personality” for Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a third type of legal entity, distinct from natural and legal persons. This personality would be activated only when AI makes an independent decision that causes harm, allowing for accountability through investigation and legal responsibility. Once the responsibility is determined, the personality would be deactivated. This framework fills the current legal gap where neither the programmer nor the user can always be held fully accountable for autonomous AI actions. It ensures fairness by clarifying whether liability falls on the programmer, the user, or the AI itself, thereby creating a more just and adaptive legal system in the age of artificial intelligence.

Abstract

My idea is to create the Temporary Legal Personality (TLP) — a third type of legal personality that is neither natural (a human) nor legal (a company or institution). It would be granted to artificial intelligence only at the moment it is held accountable for independent actions that cause harm, and then revoked immediately after the accountability process ends. My goal is to fill a legal gap in international law by recognizing AI’s ability to make independent decisions, ensuring justice without unfairly burdening humans with responsibility.