Abstract

Sea ice models can simulate linear deformation characteristics (linear kinematic features) that are observed from satellite imagery. A recent study based on the viscous-plastic sea ice model highlights the role of the velocity placement on the simulation of linear kinematic features (LKFs) and concluded that the tracer staggering has a minor influence on the amount simulated LKFs. In this work we consider the same finite element discretization and show that on triangular meshes the placement of the sea ice tracers and the associated degrees of freedom (DoFs) have a strong influence on the amount of simulated LKFs. This behaivor can be explained by the change of the total number of DoFs associated with the tracer field. We analyze the effect on a benchmark problem and compare P1-P1, P0-P1, CR-P0 and CR-P1 finite element discretizations for the velocity and the tracers, respectively. The influence of the tracer placement is less strong on quadrilateral meshes as a change of the tracer staggering does not modify the total number of DoFs. Among the low order finite element approximations compared in this study, the CR-P0 finite element discretization resolves the deformation structure in the best way. The CR finite element for velocity in combination with the P0 discretization for tracer produces more LKFs than the P1-P1 finite element pair even on grids with fewer DoFs. This can not be achieved with the CR-P1 setup and therefore highlights the importance of the tracer discretization for the simulation of LKFs on triangular meshes.