Abstract

This document refers to thermal expansion of cementitious materials and to related thermal stresses activated in samples of concrete as well as in unreinforced and reinforced concrete structures. It provides an overview of multiscale research which was carried at the Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria, in cooperation with Tongji University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. The overview starts with the nanoscopic origin of the thermal expansion behavior of cement paste, which is triggered by the heating-induced release and the cooling-induced uptake of water by calcium-silicate-hydrates (C-S-H). Temperature changes lead to thermal strains. Thermal stresses are activated provided that the thermal strains are constrained. Such constraints prevail at microstructural scales of concrete as well as at cross-sectional and macrostructural scales of unreinforced and reinforced concrete structures such as beams, plates, and frames. Diurnal temperature changes result in daily cycles of self-equilibrated thermal stresses. They represent a considerable loading for interfacial transition zones (ITZs) separating the aggregates from the cement paste matrix. Extreme events such as sudden hail showers or moderate fires are very likely to result in thermal cracking, at least in the microscopic region of the ITZ, but frequently also at the larger scale of concrete.