Abstract

Abstract

When talking about a budget, one usually initially thinks of something that seems static, however, current engineering projects shows clear evidence that their budget estimates are not static, but rather dynamic. The area of structural civil engineering has already taken firm steps around dynamic models of project budgeting, but the other areas of engineering, which are developed jointly with these civil projects, suffer the same effects, without having precise models that can parameterize dynamically such understandings.
Preparing a budget for the execution of an electrical installation project has a complexity in the determination of the quantities of materials required and the determination of the labor associated with their performance. Then it is necessary to know all the aspects that surround the execution of the project and that generate additional costs such as transportation, tools, storage, cleaning services, various rents, supervision, contingencies and finally determine the administrative expenses and the contractor's profit.
The goal of this paper is to present a management model to carry out a budget project for electrical installations based on professional practice and the guidance of experienced companies in the execution of electrical projects that involves: the knowledge of reading and understanding the drawings and specs; the client's terms of reference; and staff performance management.
Finally, we present a follow-up scheme of the project to reach an adequate conclusion of the work where not only an economic satisfaction is obtained but also an excellence in the professional achievement.

Abstract

Abstract

Quality of material issues have been a significant source of concern since the dawn of recorded history. Building materials are essential and should be performed according to standard specifications because they cover around 60% of the project cost. Prior to project construction, specific codes, standards, and specifications should be available. Using all required materials does not guarantee a sound building appearance or function. Even with suitable materials, workmanship, and supervision, unexpected output can affect a building. Quality workmanship is a comprehensive approach to bolstering building durability, serviceability, and safety. The study evaluated Ambo University's building construction materials and quality. Convenience and quota sampling techniques were collected from all contractors and consultants involved in building construction via questionnaires and interviews. A comprehensive literature review identified 15 major factors affecting building construction materials quality and workmanship, and respondents ranked them in the order of importance. Defects in existing buildings and ongoing projects had observed due to non-compliance with construction materials and workmanship based on specifications and standards. The results indicated that Ambo University building has no defect-free structure, including the degree and type of defects vary. A 94% of the studied buildings had moisture leakage, plastering defects, paint peeling, and cracks. Hence, the consultants and Ambo University project representatives should adhere with the standard specifications, and must exercise their profession according to the ethical code of conduct. All of these, it will play a vital role in the success of construction projects.