Abstract

Abstract: Buried pipeline systems form a key part of global lifeline infrastructure, and any significant disruption to the performance of these systems often translates into undesirable impacts on regional businesses, economies, or the living conditions of citizens. This chapter addresses the considerations associated with the seismic risk assessment of pipelines providing transmission of natural gas or liquid hydrocarbons, and pipelines that are part of a gas distribution system serving a region. Particular reference is made with respect to philosophy, approaches, and technologies adopted in designing and operating pipelines to minimize pipeline damage during earthquakes. Document type: Part of book or chapter of book

Abstract

"jats:p"Shipping activities, oil production and transport in the sea, oil handled in harbors, construction and exploitation of offshore oil and gas pipelines have a number of negative impacts on the marine environment and coastal zone of the seas. In 2004-2014 we elaborated several operational satellite monitoring systems for oil and gas companies in Russia and performed integrated satellite monitoring of the ecological state of coastal waters in the Baltic, Black, Caspian, and Kara seas, which included observation of oil pollution, suspended matter, and algae bloom at a fully operational mode. These monitoring systems differ from the existing ones by the analysis of a wide spectrum of satellite, meteorological and oceanographic data, as well as by a numerical modeling of oil spill transformation and transport in real weather conditions. Our experience in the Baltic Sea includes: (1) integrated satellite monitoring of oil production at the LUKOIL-KMN Ltd. D-6 oil rig in the Southeastern Baltic Sea (Kravtsovskoe oil field) in 2004-2014; (2) integrated satellite monitoring of the “Nord Stream” underwater gas pipeline construction and exploitation in the Gulf of Finland (2010-2013); (3) numerical modeling of risks of oil pollution caused by shipping along the main maritime shipping routes in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Proper, and in the Southeastern Baltic Sea; (4) numerical modeling of risks of oil pollution caused by oil production at D-6 oil rig and oil transportation on shore via the connecting underwater oil pipeline. Document type: Article