Abstract

The increasing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their charging systems is representing new high-power consumption loads for the distribution system operators (DSOs). To solve the problem of the EV range in terms of driving kilometers, the car manufacturers have invested resources on new EV models by increasing the size of the batteries. To satisfy EV load demand of the new EV models in urban areas the public DC Fast-Charging Station (DCFCS) is indispensable to recharge EVs rapidly. The introduction of the Battery Energy Storage within the DCFCSs is considered in this paper an alternative solution to reduce the operational costs of the charging stations as well as the ability to mitigate negative impacts during the congestion on the power grids. An accurate description of the DCFCS and its design system has been implemented, which is able to decouple the peak load demand caused by EVs on the main grid and decrease the connection fees. Finally, an economic evaluation is done to evaluate the feasibility and the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of the DCFCSs. The proposed approach considers various technical and economic issues, such as cost of installation, connection fees and life cycle cost of the batteries. The proposed cost-benefit analysis can be used to verify the effectiveness and applicability of DCFCS in large scale.

Abstract

International audience; Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be in a near future a non-negligible part of the world's car fleet. Nevertheless, a dense network of Fast Charging Stations (FCS) on highways is needed to enable EVs to be competitive with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for long distances. FCS require high power from the grid to charge EVs in less than 30 minutes. Such high power will generate negative impacts on the power grid and will necessitate high investment costs for grid connection. A Battery Electric Storage System (BESS) inside the FCS could alleviate those negative impacts. The presence of a BESS then permits to offer grid services and to increase the profits of the FCS operator. However, the deployment of grid services with BESS is often faced to concerns on additional battery degradation. In this paper, we propose a FCS model including grid services and a study of battery degradation under different circumstances, and an economic comparison is done with the net present value.

Abstract

International audience; Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be in a near future a non-negligible part of the world's car fleet. Nevertheless, a dense network of Fast Charging Stations (FCS) on highways is needed to enable EVs to be competitive with Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles for long distances. FCS require high power from the grid which could generate stress on the power grid and necessitate expensive investments for grid connection. An Electric Storage System (ESS) inside the FCS could mitigate those impacts, and a Battery ESS (BESS) also allows to offer grid services and to maximise the profits of the FCS operator. In this paper, we propose a FCS model including grid services and battery degradation. A trade-off between BESS size and contracted power value is assessed to satisfy the EV needs and to respect the battery state-of-charge limits. Finally, an economic survey is done with the net present value to compare a FCS with BESS (with or without delivery of grid services) and without BESS.