Abstract

The transport sector offers limited options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as compared with other sectors, such as power generation and industrial sectors. To understand the potential reduction of energy consumption and associated emissions through fuel substitution or transportation service demand reduction, this study estimates own- and cross-price elasticities of various fuels used for transportation. The analysis shows, like many previous studies, that an increase in fuel prices would not have a large effect on transport sector carbon dioxide emissions, due to limited substitution possibilities among fuels for transportation. The study also finds that price-induced changes that lead to an increase in the rate of adoption of fuel-efficient vehicles would be more effective than a policy to cause fuel substitution. Document type: Book

Abstract

n economic analysis is made of vehicles powered by compressed natural gas (CNG), alcohol, and electric vehicles (EV's) as possible replacements for gasoline-powered vehicles. Advantages and disadvantages of vehicles powered by the various fuels are discussed and determinations of their suitability are made based on vehicle performance characteristics and fuel availability. CNG and EV's are determined to be viable alternatives based on current state-of-the-art technology. Alcohol is not retained as a viable alternative because of limited fuel availability. Models are presented for determining the total life cycle cost for gasoline, CNG, and EV's. A fleet of seventy-two vehicles at the Naval Postgraduate School is used as an example to compare the cost of each alternative. A linear program is used to determine the mix of gasoline, CNG, and electric vehicles that satisfy mission requirements for the least total fleet life cycle cost and to perform sensitivity analysis on the cost determinants. A generalized formulation is also presented to allow a vehicle fleet manager to use the methodology of this thesis as an aid to evaluating the potential of alternatively-fueled vehicles in different situations. http://archive.org/details/decisionmodelsfo00garr Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Abstract

The GASVESSEL Project, financed by the EU under H2020, aims to prove the technoeconomic feasibility of a new CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) transport concept, enabled by a novel patented Pressure Vessel manufacturing technology and a new conceptual ship design including safe on- and off-loading solution. In this paper we illustrate how the process automation and web-based collaboration software from ESTECO have been used by the partners in the different phases of the Project for the design of the system. In function of each different geographical scenarios (which includes East Mediterranean, Barents Sea and Black Sea) and gas demand, parameters such as ship size and number, storage and facilities units at the ports have been optimized in order to reduce the transportation costs and therefore gas tariff. Components of the gas vessels, in particular material and type of the fibers that wraps the liner, have been then optimized to minimize weights while respecting high value of safety factors. Finally, a CFD study is performed to analyze the risks related to gas leakages and explosions

Abstract

Road transport is one of the main consumers of petroleum products and sources of air pollution. In the conditions of Russia's fast-growing vehicle fleet, it is necessary to develop and implement effective measures to reduce the consumption of scarce oil fuels and stimulate the use of alternative eco-friendly fuels. The aim of this work is to assess the prospects for the use of alternative fuels and energy by cars in Russia. This paper outlines the main ways of reducing the gasoline and diesel fuel consumption by road transport, including the use of the motor fuel alternative types. As the most promising direction of alternative energy development in the road transport sector regarding Russia's conditions, a transition to gas-cylinder fuel is proposed. This study presents the main problems of road transport gasification and the ways to solve them. The effective actions in the selected fields will reduce the consumption of scarce fuel and energy resources and enable improvement of the environmental situation in megalopolises. © 2019 WIT Pre