Abstract

In blast-induced caving mining with backfilling, understanding the interaction mechanisms and deformation evolution between rock and cemented tailing backfill (CTB) under coupled conditions is essential for ensuring stability. This study conducted dynamic uniaxial impact tests using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) system on rock-CTB composite specimens to investigate their mechanical response at high strain rates. Stress–strain relationships were recorded across a range of strain rates, and corresponding failure mechanisms were analyzed. A coupled SHPB model was also developed using GDEM software to simulate internal stress wave propagation and crack evolution within the composite specimens. Experimental results revealed that the dynamic compressive strength initially increases, then decreases, and eventually stabilizes as the average strain rate (ASR) increases from 27.45 s−1to 68.73 s−1. At strain rates below 60 s−1, the stress–strain curves exhibit a “stress drop” pattern, whereas above 60 s−1, a “stress rebound” behavior is observed. Energy absorption increases with ASR up to 55 s−1, then decreases, followed by a secondary increase. Numerical simulations validated the experimental findings, revealing the formation of both transverse and longitudinal cracks within the CTB. Greater deformation was observed near the transmission bar interface compared to the rock interface. These results offer valuable insights into the dynamic failure behavior of backfilled systems and inform improved backfill design in blast-induced mining operations.OPEN ACCESS Received: 05/08/2025 Accepted: 05/09/2025 Published: 03/02/2026