Abstract

Future railway systems will consist of many elements that are already in service plus a variety of major and minor changes. How resilient this new system-of-systems is to the changing context of climate, society and economy, will depend on our ability to imagine and implement adaptation processes and measures in an effective and holistic way. This cannot be separate from operational business-as-usual but rather needs to be embedded across organisations as well as promoted through inter-agency working and engagement across the breadth of stakeholders. A framework is proposed as a foundation on which to encourage such developments.