Abstract

International audience; Urban transportation of next decade is expected to be disrupted by Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD): AMoD providers will collect ride requests from users and will dispatch a fleet of autonomous vehicles to satisfy requests in the most efficient way. Differently from current ride sharing systems, in which driver behavior has a clear impact on the system, AMoD systems will be exclusively determined by the dispatching logic. As a consequence, a recent interest in the Operations Research and Computer Science communities has focused on this control logic. The new propositions and methodologies are generally evaluated via simulation. Unfortunately, there is no simulation platform that has emerged as reference, with the consequence that each author uses her own custom-made simulator, applicable only in her specific study, with no aim of generalization and without public release. This slows down the progress in the area as researchers cannot build on each other’s work and cannot share, reproduce and verify the results. The goal of this paper is to present AMoDSim, an open-source simulation platform aimed to fill this gap and accelerate research in future ride sharing system

Abstract

This dissertation models and analyzes heterogeneous traffic flow, with a particular focus on mixed traffic flow consisting of cars and two-wheelers. The increase in traffic congestion induces commuters to switch to powered two wheelers (PTWs), i.e. motorcycle, mopeds and scooters, because of their high maneuverability and space efficiency. The growth in number of PTWs, combined with their unique mobility features, results in complex traffic characteristics which are difficult to recreate with the existing modeling approaches. We develop an analytical model that can accurately reproduce the traffic features in a mixed flow of cars and PTWs. The traffic stream is decomposed into two vehicle classes, PTWs and cars. The fundamental properties are derived by employing a porous flow approach. It is assumed that the speed of a vehicle class is dictated by the physical and motion properties of the vehicle class, and the distribution of free spaces on the road. We propose an approximation method to derive the free-space distribution. In order to explore broader aspects of the traffic flow characteristics, notably required by intelligent transport system (ITS) applications, we formulate the model in the Lagrangian and the Eulerian frameworks. Further, we provide a numerical method for the discretization of the mathematical model. We analyze the flow characteristics of mixed PTWs and cars traffic and identify important properties, which give insights for future ITS solutions and traffic policy makers. The applicability of the model for different ITS applications is illustrated. Finally, the developed model is validated using a microsimulation tool.; Cette dissertation modélise et analyse les flux de trafic hétérogènes, avec une attention particulière portée à la circulation de voitures et de deux-roues. L'augmentation du nombre de congestions de trafic a forcé les personnes désirant se déplacer à se diriger vers les le deux-roues (appelé ici PTWs = powered two wheelers), comme les motos, les mopeds et les scooters, du fait de leur facilité de manoeuvre et leur efficacité dans l'espace. L'augmentation du nombre de PTWs combinée au caractère unique de certaines de leurs fonctionnalités a résulté en un trafic complexe, donc les particularités sont difficiles à recréer avec les approches de modélisation existantes. Nous développerons ici un modele analytique permettant de reproduire de manière pertinente les particularités d'un flux de véhicules mêlant à la fois les voitures et les deux-roues. Le trafic se décompose en deux classes de véhicules : les PTWs et les voitures. Les propriétés fondamentales sont déduites en employant une approche "porous flow". On suppose que la vitesse d'un véhicule d’une certaine classe est dictée par les propriétés physiques et motrices du véhicule, ainsi que la distribution d'espace vide sur la route. Nous proposons une méthode d'approximation pour dériver la distribution d'espace vide. Dans le but d'explorer plus largement les caractéristiques du flux de trafic notamment requis par les applications de système de transport intelligent (ITS), nous formulons le modèle dans les cadres lagrangien et eulérien. Puis, nous feront appel à une méthode numérique pour la discrétisation du modèle mathématique. Se basant sur le modèle développé nous analyserons les caractéristiques du flux de trafic pour en identifier les propriétés les plus importantes qui nous permettrons de prédire de futures ITS applications et d'organisations du trafic. La possibilité d'appliquer le modèle pour les différentes ITS applications est illustrée par des exemples. Finalement, le modèle développé est validé à l'aide de l'outil de microsimulation.

Abstract

Freight transport. The needs of freight transport companies are assessed through some forty interviews conducted in four European countries and analyzed in the light of innovation diffusion theory. These interviews highlight the operational and economic obstacles to the use of electric vehicles, which are linked to the technology itself but also to its novelty.A quantitative approach completes this study. It is based on a market share prediction model, which quantifies how economic and operational constraints evolve with technological developments. These constraints are measured by two indicators: the vehicle's range adequacy given its use and total cost of ownership (TCO) comparisons. An original feature of the model is that it treats the amount of subsidies for the purchase of an electric vehicle as an endogenous variable that dynamically adapts to market developments.In order to compensate for the lack of available data on commercial vehicle uses, a statistical model has been developed. This model makes the best use of data from a survey on light commercial vehicles in France, conducted by the statistical department of the Ministry of the Environment (SDES).These analyses confirm that the development of the electric vehicle market is not certain and that it is currently extremely dependent on public support. Even in scenarios of continued financial support from public administrations, exponential market growth is unlikely. Rather, the market will grow slowly for many years to come, the time for technology to overcome its8dependence on public financial support. For example, our reference scenario forecasts a 13% market share for electric vans in 2032; Le marché des véhicules électriques est animé par une dynamique très positive. Il s'agit cependant essentiellement d'un marché de niche. Il est donc légitime de s’interroger quant à son avenir.D'une part, cette dynamique est portée par de fortes préoccupations environnementales et bénéficie d'un large soutien des autorités publiques. Les constructeurs automobiles ont ces dernières années fortement investi dans cette technologie, les progrès technologiques sont rapides et offrent des perspectives intéressantes.D'autre part, des subventions conséquentes sont aujourd’hui nécessaires pour permettre aux véhicules électriques d’être compétitifs. Il est inévitable que ces subventions diminuent si le marché grandit. Deux mécanismes opposés sont donc en jeu et rendent incertain le développement du marché des véhicules électriques pour les années à venir.Notre recherche propose d'analyser ces mécanismes pour les véhicules utilitaires légers, et plus particulièrement pour le transport urbain de marchandises. Les besoins des entreprises de transport de marchandises sont évalués à travers une quarantaine d'entretiens, menés dans quatre pays européens et analysés à la lumière de la théorie de la diffusion de l'innovation. Ces entretiens mettent en évidence les obstacles opérationnels et économiques à l'utilisation de véhicules électriques, qui sont liés à la technologie elle-même mais aussi à sa nouveauté.Une approche quantitative complète cette étude. Elle s’appuie sur un modèle de prédiction de parts de marché, qui quantifie la façon dont les contraintes économiques et opérationnelles évoluent avec les développements technologiques. Ces contraintes sont mesurées par deux indicateurs: l'adéquation de l'autonomie du véhicule avec son usage et les comparaisons de coûts totaux de possession (TCO). Une originalité du modèle est qu’il traite le montant des subventions à l’achat d’un véhicule électrique comme une variable endogène, qui s’adapte dynamiquement aux évolutions du marché.Afin de compenser le manque de données disponibles sur les usages des véhicules utilitaires, un modèle statistique a été développé. Ce modèle permet d’exploiter au mieux les données d'une enquête sur les véhicules utilitaires légers en France, menée par le service de la donnée et des études statistiques (SDES) du Ministère de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire

Abstract

International audience; This paper proposes a framework for quantifying the macroscopic impacts of delivery goods made by double-parked vehicles in urban arterial using microscopic simulation. It is applied to a real urban corridor: the Lafayette Avenue in Lyon (France). The framework combines traffic states with stochastic and microscopic freight demand generation model, i.e. the delivery movements and the delivery duration. Cooperative and competitive scenarios are considered. Impacts of goods delivery have been captured in a traffic evaluation model. The results of these configurations’ assessment are discussed. Finally, practical implications for transport planners are highlighted.

Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we extend a previously introduced traffic cell transmission model (CTM) to take electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations (CSs) into account. The CTM is improved in the following aspects: firstly, traffic demand of multiple origins-destinations (O-D) is considered, whereas the original CTM can not simulate the specific traffic demand of each O-D pair; secondly, CSs are integrated into CTM by developing new queueing cells and charging cells, which could also describe the specific configurations of each CS and model the queueing phenomenon in CSs; third, EVs at different states of charge are considered and, thus, the spatial-temporal charging demands in CSs can be estimated with good approximation.

Abstract

International audience; Line 1 of BRT, the first line of BRT system in Iran, and line 4 of Subway, designed as a sustainable transport system and constructed afterwards, have common path of 10 km length in the most congested area of the capital. This pioneer BRT line has the maximum record among all BRT lines in Tehran. Its success caused lower funds allocation and less attention to the planning and implementation of the line 4 of Subway. As a result currently line 4 of Subway works at 35% of its capacity with only 13 car-trains and the headway of 7-10 min. Construction investment in the subway line 4 was about 11 times more than in the line 1 of BRT. Thus, postponing of investments to the line 4 of Subway causes 65% of its infrastructure capacity to be unused. However, the elimination for BRT line appears logical, it’s important to avoid negative social impact, as this is a fact that the citizens of Tehran usually have fractal character, so that little changes in their behavior needs long time and enough desirability. Additional funds should also be found for the line 4 of Subway while budgets are saturated and other lines, considering existing demand, are in priority. Therefore, Tehran nowadays is brought to find remedial solutions to transport challenges: to align short-term and long-term sustainable solutions in order to achieve its economic, social and environmental goals.

Abstract

9th International Conference on City Logistics, Tenerife, ESPAGNE, 17-/06/2015 - 19/06/2015; In this article, we present efforts towards building a city-wide freight delivery rounds optimization system aimed at leveraging city traffic information to optimize professional vehicle rounds. This project, called SmartDeliveries, has been developed as part of the OptimodLyon project. We present the system's architecture and general objective. Then we present early evaluations which have led us to identify three main technical challenges to address, but also to quantify the potential productivity gains for its users: 18% in distance savings and 11% in time. This could lead, if the system were to be generalized at the scale of the city, to a reduction in as much as 5% in traffic, and to corresponding savings in emissions, which are the primary motivation of the project leaders. Finally we discuss the remaining challenges to address, from a technical as well as an organizational standpoint, to introduce real life implementation of the system. Document type: Conference object