Abstract

Collaborative transportation and logistics pooling are relatively new concepts in research, but are very popular in practice. In the last years, collaborative transportation seems a good city logistics alternative to classical urban consolidation centres, but it is still in a development stage. This paper proposes a framework for urban logistics pooling ex-ante evaluation. This framework is developed with two purposes. The first is to generate comparable contrasted or progressive scenarios representing realistic situations; the second to simulate and assess them to make a "before-after" comparative analysis. In this framework, a demand generation model is combined with a route optimization algorithm to simulate the resulting routes of the proposed individual or collaborative distribution schemes assumed by each scenario. Then, several indicators can be obtained, mainly travelled distances, working times, road occupancy rates and operational monetary costs. To illustrate that framework, several scenarios for the urban area of Lyon (France) are simulated and discussed to illustrate the proposed framework possible applications.

Abstract

International audience; While public-private partnerships remain a valuable instrument to manage new infrastructures, asset specificity and high risk in innovative contexts call for public management. The chapter outlines the importance of public partnerships as a prerequisite to public-private partnerships in developing resilient urban logistics. After reviewing literature related to public partnerships and public-private partnerships, the authors focus their attention on the elaboration of the innovative “La Chapelle” International intermodal urban terminal in Paris. This chapter relies on former research in the fields of public, public-private partnerships, and urban freight logistics. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, it illustrates the application and consistency of these contributions in the urban freight logistics. From a managerial point of view, the chapter provides insight into cooperation regarding integrated urban freight logistics management in large cities.

Abstract

International audience; We explore the estimation of origin-destination (OD), city-pair, air passenger flows. Our dataset contains 279 cities, worldwide, over 2010-2012. Allowing for two gravity model specifications (log-normal and Poisson), we compare non-spatial and spatial models. We are the first to apply spatial econometric flow models and eigenfunction spatial filtering approaches to air transport. Distinguishing between origin, destination and network effects, we determine the impact and significance of a change in a variable in a given city, on flows originating from and going to that city and originating from a different city and going to an alternative city. Finally, we compare models based on different specifications of the spatial weight matrix.

Abstract

International audience; This chapter focuses on the insights that the Eyjafjallajokull eruption in April 2010 provided for the coordination of scientific input to decision-making across the European aviation industries. Volcanic eruptions are part of a wider class of natural risks, including earthquakes, pandemics, and regional fires etc., that have to be managed collectively. These, in turn, form a sub-set of adverse events that also include man-made catastrophes, such as terrorist attacks, pollution etc. Natural and man-made risks are collectively known as contingency events. They are characterized by relatively low expected probabilities but extremely high potential consequences. The public increasingly expect commercial and regulatory agencies to adopt a precautionary approach to such events. These expectations extend not just from the time before any incident occurs but also under the stress and time pressure of decision-making during a contingency. If we are to meet these expectations, it is important that operational decision-making is informed by accurate scientific information on a wide range of issues. It should not be shaped by ad hoc political pressures, although these will inevitably play a role.

Abstract

International audience; Abstract : In cities served by high-speed rail (HSR), local actors expect there to be an expansion in the tourism sector. Indeed, HSR can be perceived as an opportunity for renewed attractiveness, particularly in the field of tourism. However, the literature on this subject is highly controversial. A few cities have experienced growth in visitor numbers; however, a decrease in the average duration of tourist stays sometimes occurs. A number of elements may affect the link between HSR and tourism; this article focuses on the forms of cooperation that exist between actors, which seem to be one of the key elements of this reported dynamism. After all, a tourist destination incorporates numerous products and services realized by various stakeholders in a given place. The production of this destination requires coordination between these stakeholders. The arrival of an HSR service can incite them to work together, so as to take full advantage of the best possible accessibility for their area.

Abstract

This report contains the main contribution of CNRS-LET to the FREILOT project. It is organized in 4 main parts: the first presents the methodological contributions to the evaluation of ICT systems, the second the methodological contribution to the delpoyment assessment and analysis. The other two concern mainly the evaluation results produced by LET and the Cost Benefit Analyses and results made also by LET.

Abstract

Maîtres de thèse : Eric RIGAUD et Denis BESNARD; This thesis demonstrates the need to develop systemic safety assessment methods to account for the effect of performance variability on air traffic management safety. Like most modern socio-technical systems, air traffic management is so complex that it is impossible for it to be completely described. As consequence, performance cannot be completely specified because it must vary to meet performance demands. Performance variability is an inevitable asset to ensure the functioning of an organisation and at the same time can be harmful for system safety when it combines in an unexpected manner. This argument clearly indicates the need for safety assessment methods that can deal with performance variability. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) has the ability to model performance variability. However parts of the FRAM can be improved to expand its capabilities to evaluate performance variability. This thesis addresses this weakness and develops a methodology for the evaluation of performance variability. The methodology has been applied on a safety assessment case study for the German air traffic management domain. The results have been compared with the official results of a traditional safety assessment. The comparison shows the added valued of the proposed methodology. In particular it illustrates the possibility to identify emergent risks and human contribution to system safety.; Cette thèse montre la nécessité de développer des méthodes systémiques d'estimation de la sécurité permettant de tenir compte de l'effet de la variabilité de la performance sur la sécurité de la gestion du trafic aérien. Comme la plupart des systèmes socio-techniques modernes, la gestion du trafic aérien est tellement complexe que il lui est impossible d'être complètement décrite. Comme conséquence directe, sa performance ne peut être complètement explicitée, car elle doit varier afin de correspondre aux conditions réelles. La variabilité de la performance est un inévitable atout pour assurer le fonctionnement d'une organisation. Mais en même temps elle peut représenter une atteinte à la sécurité du système lorsqu'elle se déroule de manière indésirable ou inattendue. Cet argument indique la nécessité de méthodes d'estimation de la sécurité qui puissent traiter la variabilité de la performance. La Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) a la capacité de modéliser la variabilité de la performance. Cependant, certains points de la FRAM pourraient être améliorés dans le but de développer ses capacités a évaluer la variabilité de la performance. Cette thèse aborde ce point faible et développe une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la variabilité de la performance. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée dans une étude de cas dans le domaine de la Gestion du Trafic Aérien Allemand. Ses résultats ont été comparés aux résultats officiels obtenus en utilisant l'estimation de la sécurité traditionnelle. La comparaison montre la valeur ajoutée de la méthodologie proposée. En particulier elle illustre la possibilité d'identifier des risques émergents et la contribution humaine a la sécurité d'un système.

Abstract

Our research deals with the problem of the charging scheduling of electric vehicles (EV). The variation in the total power available to load vehicles, user the behaviour constraints and the uncertainties of daily energy demands require an efficient and secure scheduling. We defined five industrial configurations: ACPF (1,2) and ACPV (1a, 1b and 2), each of which corresponds to a set of technical constraints. Studies on formulations, including a conjunctive and a disjunctive, are based on the analysis of the strength of their LP-relaxation. The matrix form of the mathematical formula is composed of a partitioned matrix, which is decomposable by the Dantzig-Wolfe principles. The latter allows us to develop a Branch-and-Price Algorithm for the exact solution of the problem. A deterministic constructive heuristic was then designed for the allocation of the resource, which is very efficient: a quick resolution (less than a second) for a car park with about thirty EVs. Finally, to implement all algorithms in the microprocessor, and to establish a forecasting model and an online scheduling, we have created a stand-alone scheduler, based on the predictive-reactive rescheduling. The research carried out is part of the problems of energy reasoning. They, therefore, can combine with other works, including the smart grid problems; Notre travail de recherche traite de la problématique de l’ordonnancement de recharge des véhicules électriques (VE). La variation de la puissance totale disponible pour charger des véhicules, les contraintes de comportement des utilisateurs et l'incertitude des demandes énergétiques journalières demandent un ordonnancement efficace et sécurisé. Nous avons défini cinq configurations industrielles : ACPF (1,2) et ACPV (1a, 1b et 2) qui correspondent chacune à un ensemble de contraintes techniques. Les études sur les formulations, dont une conjonctive et une disjonctive, reposent sur l’analyse de la force de leurs relaxation-LP. La forme matricielle de la formule mathématique est composée d’une matrice partitionnée, qui est décomposable par le principe de Dantzig-Wolfe. Cette dernière nous permets de développer un algorithme de type Branch-and-Price pour la résolution exacte du problème. Une heuristique constructive déterministe a ensuite été conçue pour l’allocation de la ressource, qui se trouve très efficace : une résolution rapide (moins d’une seconde) pour un parking d’une trentaine VEs. Finalement, pour implémenter tous les algorithmes dans le microprocesseur, et pour établir un modèle prévisionnel et un ordonnancement en temps réel, nous avons créé un planificateur autonome, qui se base sur le réordonnancement prédictif-réactif. Les recherches effectuées font partie des problèmes de raisonnement énergétique. Elles possèdent donc la capacité de se combiner avec d’autres travaux, notamment le problème de smart grid

Abstract

International audience; Understanding the processes that guide fleet management by corporations is key to assessing the potential role corporations could play in the transition towards a more sustainable mobility system, and to drawing operational policy conclusions accordingly. Building on the information collected through 44 interviews with decision-makers from 22 large organisations in the Paris region, we reach a much deeper understanding of the fleet management processes of large organisations. We find that the prospects for global optimisation of the corporate car fleet – from the perspectives of both purchase behaviours and daily operations –depend on the solutions that corporations can find to tackle the complexity of the decision-making processes for car fleet acquisition (e.g. through implementing car policies) and the shortcomings of information on fleet use and fleet costs (e.g. through deploying monitoring and tracking technologies). In order to discuss the outlook for electric vehicles and car-sharing services in corporate car fleets, we analyse the specific barriers to, and drivers of, their adoption, and report on some of the ‘best practices’ revealed by our survey.