Abstract

International audience; This chapter focuses on the impacts of traffic congestion in the daily life of metropolitan motorized households. It is based on a doctoral dissertation defended in 2012, which studied three megacities: Paris in France, Sao Paulo in Brazil and Mumbai in India. A stated-adaptation survey was conducted in 2009–2010 to identify behavioral responses to traffic congestion and to estimate the threshold of household tolerance to congestion in the three regions. The implemented stated-adaptation survey was based on increasing the travel time. It allowed us to comprehend behavioral responses to traffic congestion. The survey had two stages: the respondent filled up a trip diary listing all trips, no matter what purpose or mode of transport was used, for several consecutive days, and during an in-depth face-to-face interview, the respondent reacted to hypothetical situations based on selected trips from the trip diary.

Abstract

En matière de transport maritime, deux mondes se côtoient depuis l'apparition du conteneur à la fin des années 1950 : d'un côté celui lié à la circulation des boîtes, de l'autre celui des marchandises qui ne peuvent être empotées dans ces caisses de métal. Le premier correspond à un marché construit par l'offre de lignes régulières et la notion de service maritime, le second s'organise d'abord en fonction de la demande de marchandises selon une navigation de vagabondage. Si les logiques qui les animent sont bien différentes, les deux sont confrontés aux enjeux de la globalisation, en particulier ceux liés à la durabilité d'un modèle économique d'inspiration libérale.

Abstract

International audience; The dynamical properties of so-called spatial and complex networks are often overlooked in graph theory and network science in general. Container shipping provides a rare example of a global transport network that went through tremendous technological and geographic changes in the last decades or so. This chapter proposes for the first time an empirical analysis of no less than 40 years of inter-port vessel movement data (1977-2016) to describe the evolving properties of the global container shipping network. Main results confirm a number of stylized facts such as the growing size, connectivity, and centralization of this network due to several factors such as economies of scale in liner shipping and the rationalization of related maritime services, the emergence of hub ports, etc. We also provide a new cartography of how had the global container shipping network been geographically distributed over time, thereby highlighting major shifts in terms of port hierarchies and main corridors. We believe that this chapter will contribute to a better understanding of the complex linkages between network structure, technological change, and spatial change, opening the way for new research paths on maritime transport research and network science in general when focusing on evolutionary dynamics.

Abstract

The inherent complexity of the port city has drawn attention from a vast number of scholars belonging to a variety of scientific fields. While a full and exhaustive review would reach beyond the scope of this chapter, it proposes evaluating the level of cohesion of port-city research through a classification of main study areas and their outcomes. Multiple definitions of the port city are both a cause and a consequence of the fragmentation of port-city research. There is a necessity refining the status of port-city research within mainstream approaches on either ports or cities.

Abstract

The position of Europe in maritime flows is demonstrated by the connections of its port gateways with the rest of the world. Such connections vary from one port to another in terms of traffic concentration and geographic coverage, dependent on multiple factors including origin-destination time and cost factors, shipper and ocean carrier decisions, and the size, quality, and specialization of local port infrastructures. A key research challenge is therefore to unravel the relationships between internal and external dynamics; in other words, how do the emergence and position of European maritime flows interplay with the distribution of its port system and how have such patterns been influenced by the evolution of other regions, such as Asia, where port dynamics are profound and rapid.

Abstract

http://www.ashgate.com/default.aspx?page=637&calcTitle=1&title_id=9422&edition_id=12022; The interaction between port activities and regional development has caught the attention of various scholars and decision-makers worldwide. However, without a clear definition of the port region, confusion remains between a group of neighboring ports (e.g. façade, range) or an inland service area of a given port (e.g. hinterland). Considering the socio-economic characteristics of regional units around ports is proposed as a possible solution for international comparison. Main results show that in developed countries, specialization in the industrial sector has a negative impact on port performance, while unemployment, GDP, and service concentrations have a positive influence on traffic. This confirms the effects of globalization on port region