Abstract

International audience; In a smart city, urban and transport planning should be co-conducted harmoniously in order to create a new transit-supportive city. After defining our vision of smart mobility, we will present and analyse the links between the transport system, disruptive innovation, and the role of public policies in change management. We focus on the way to organise the co-conception of smart mobility, defined as a disruptive eco-innovation, in a local territory. The development and diffusion of innovations within the mobility ecosystem significantly disrupt usages and modify market boundaries. Implementation conditions to achieve a widespread adoption of smart mobility are discussed and the role and decision-making methods of territorial actors are considered.

Abstract

International audience; Drawing inspiration from researches on environmental crime and corporate crime, this chapter examines the case of air pollution caused by road transport and industry in France. The purpose of the author is first to document the nature and extent of these health threats to populations and second to highlight the existence of delinquent practices (defined as deliberate violations of legal norms) that sometimes play a major role in perpetuating these threats. The author first examines the issue of pollution caused by automobile engines and returns to “Dieselgate.” It then details the pollution problems observed in the Fos-sur-Mer industrial area in the south of France and its consequences on the health of local populations.

Abstract

Part Three. Mobility in a low-carbon society; With 10.7% of global GHG emissions and 17.0% of global CO2 emissions from fuel combustion in 2005 (ITF, 2010), road transport is a key component of the transport sector's commitment to mitigating its impact on climate. While there is no silver bullet that will provide sufficient abatement given the scale of the effort needed in this complex sector, a review of existing and emerging low-carbon solutions reveals a range of promising levies. Long ignored by carbon pricing mechanisms, the sector will certainly see its emissions abatement furthered by the growing number of carbon pricing initiatives targeted at it. This chapter outlines the global trends of greenhouse gas emissions in the road transport sector and suggests a segmented analysis for those emissions. It then reviews technological, organizational and behavioural solutions for emissions reduction in road transport. Finally, it assesses the potential impacts of economic instruments and other public policies related to carbon emissions reduction, giving a feedback on existing carbon pricing experience in road transport.

Abstract

disponible en ligne : http://www.springerlink.com/content/ghq570268853q546/fulltext.pdf (This article is published with open access at SpringerLink.com); International audience; The fundamental challenge of a massive deployment of electric mobility is the reduction of transportation's impact on climate. Hereby derived challenges specifically concern: (a) the organization of mobility together with the uptake of recharge infrastructure, (b) the interaction of the electric mobility system with the electricity net, hereby considering the energy storage function of batteries, (c) the technological progress and the industrial production of vehicles and various components. Overall, these stakes involve the community more than the individual vehicle user. This paper analyses public policies and projects in favour of electric mobility based on private or shared vehicle usage. An international review of national policies and regional projects is given. The conditions for availability and attractiveness of an electric mobility system to potential users are discussed, notably so with respect to the deployment of the recharging infrastructure and its adequacy to existing land-use patterns. Current policy approaches supporting the uptake of electric mobility are promising. For the time being, however, the complexity of the electromobility system impedes a valid conclusion on the effectiveness of measures put in place. Besides public policy intervention mainly also economic, technical and industrial factors will define the success of e-mobility. Upcoming years will allow first ex-post policy analyses.

Abstract

In this article we seek to elaborate various sustainable mobility scenarios depending on heterogeneous"br" geographical contexts. We use a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess 50 mobility offers, relying on"br" an original two-step assessment method. In a first step, we use the diviz decision-aid tool to obtain a global score"br" for every offer, on the basis of 18 criteria that cover the three domains of sustainable development: economics,"br" environment, society. In a second step, we use the MICMAC decision-aid tool to build relationships of influence"br" and dependency between the 18 criteria. For each type of territory, we state what could be a development scenario"br" for the future of mobility. Ultimately, an innovative hybrid mobility solution relies on the strengths and levers of"br" the offers that were assessed, in response to the mobility scenario. We identify relevant solutions for dense and"br" low-dense areas: in particular, carpooling offers reach particular efficiency in low-dense areas, combined with"br" walking practices. Such combinations should be assisted by reliable multimodal mobility applications. Document type: Conference object