Abstract

Collaborative transportation and logistics pooling are relatively new concepts in research, but are very popular in practice. In the last years, collaborative transportation seems a good city logistics alternative to classical urban consolidation centres, but it is still in a development stage. This paper proposes a framework for urban logistics pooling ex-ante evaluation. This framework is developed with two purposes. The first is to generate comparable contrasted or progressive scenarios representing realistic situations; the second to simulate and assess them to make a "before-after" comparative analysis. In this framework, a demand generation model is combined with a route optimization algorithm to simulate the resulting routes of the proposed individual or collaborative distribution schemes assumed by each scenario. Then, several indicators can be obtained, mainly travelled distances, working times, road occupancy rates and operational monetary costs. To illustrate that framework, several scenarios for the urban area of Lyon (France) are simulated and discussed to illustrate the proposed framework possible applications.

Abstract

While pollutant emissions from transport have only recently become an issue, their energy costs have been a long-standing concern. It can even be said that, historically, from the beginning of railways, there has always been an association between rail and what we today call transport energy efficiency. The chapter describes this association.

Abstract

International audience; Recent research on maritime ports hinterlands points out the relevance of mass ground transport modes such as barge transport for enormous flows of containers to and from harbours, especially when a maritime port is located at the mouth of a river. Though, the modal share of container barge transport in French maritime ports (9% of TEU in Le Havre and 5% in Marseille in 2007) is significantly lower than elsewhere (32% in Rotterdam and 33% in Antwerp). Some reports and studies explain the viscosity of container barge transport flows as a result of several factors, generally concentrated around the seaport community. In continuation of previous seminal works, this paper adopts a neo-institutional approach (Williamson, 1985; 1996) of container barge transport to understand how the factors generating this viscosity are managed. Section 2 describes the characteristics of the transaction of container barge transport. Section 3 is devoted to its attributes (asset specificity, frequency, uncertainty). According to Williamson’s (1996) remediableness criterion, the observed governance structure of a given transaction is presumed efficient and aligned to its attributes. Thus, Section 4 deals with observed governance structures of container barge transport chains with a focus on Le Havre, main French container seaport and shows how agents try to limit opportunism in ex-post haggling over quasi-rents or under-investments. Implementation of a new institutional environment to modify governance structures is analysed, and a comparison with currently implemented governance structures observed in Rhine is made. Finally, Section 5 suggests ways of dealing with the remaining coordination problems impeding the development of container barge transport in France.

Abstract

Economic theory claims that contracts renegotiation prevents from reaching the informationally constrained efficient solution that could have been obtained under full commitment. Assessing the cost of renegotiation compared to the full commitment scenario still remains an open issue from an empirical viewpoint. To address this question, we fit a structural principal-agent model with renegotiation on a set of contracts for urban transport services. The model captures two important features of the industry. First, only two types of contracts are used in practice (fixed-price and cost-plus). Second, subsidies are greater when a cost-plus contract was signed earlier on than following a fixed-price contract. We then compare a scenario with renegotiation and a hypothetical situation with full commitment. We conclude that the welfare gains from improving commitment would be significant but would accrue mostly to operators. Document type: Preprint

Abstract

International audience; The development of renewable marine energies has its origin in the United Nations' Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted on 9 May 1992, and in the additional protocol, adopted in 1997 in Kyoto. Although, for many years, the French legal system did not consider the specificities of ocean renewable energies, the French government now seems to have become aware of the importance of establishing an adapted legal framework. The boom of marine renewable energies is the result of proactive policies from a French nation that seeks to meet its international and European commitments. The French policy makes use of legal instruments that ensure programming and planning. The economic activities in the field of marine renewable energies make up a market to which access is regulated. This requires administrative procedures which are as varied as they are complex. © ISTE Ltd 2015. All rights reserved.

Abstract

International audience; In a smart city, urban and transport planning should be co-conducted harmoniously in order to create a new transit-supportive city. After defining our vision of smart mobility, we will present and analyse the links between the transport system, disruptive innovation, and the role of public policies in change management. We focus on the way to organise the co-conception of smart mobility, defined as a disruptive eco-innovation, in a local territory. The development and diffusion of innovations within the mobility ecosystem significantly disrupt usages and modify market boundaries. Implementation conditions to achieve a widespread adoption of smart mobility are discussed and the role and decision-making methods of territorial actors are considered.

Abstract

ISSN 0769-6464; Les deux premières sessions visent à faire le point sur les tendances d'usage de la voiture en ville, afin d'apprécier les marges de manœuvre réelles, tant par une réduction de son usage que pour inciter à une mobilité de proximité. Le poids du passé (nature des tissus urbains, politiques de stationnement, etc.) peut-il être rapidement contrecarré ? De même, la voiture évolue pour devenir plus propre, moins consommatrice d'espace et s'intéresse à la multimodalité, mais cela suffit-il pour réduire la congestion et la pollution en ville ?

Abstract

Cet ouvrage constitue les actes du colloque international sur le financement des transports urbains qui s'est tenu à Lyon en 1984. Le vrai sujet du colloque a été la crise du financement des transports urbains et en particulier du transport public. Cette crise a une apparence qui est la dérive, devenue peu supportable, du financement public des transports collectifs. Elle a une réalité, constituée de l'ensemble des processus qui déterminent cette dérive. Après avoir abordé en introduction les enjeux du financement des transports publics ainsi que l'efficacité et les dépenses des transports urbains, ce document regroupe les différents sujets traités lors d'ateliers : les tendances lourdes et les aspects macro-économiques ; les aspects institutionnels du financement ; le système urbain, système de transport et financement ; la contrepartie sociale du financement ; les nouvelles modalités de financement ; la politique de tarification ; les expériences de tarification ; la dérive et la maîtrise des coûts.

Abstract

This paper appears also as Serie: Working paper series in economics ; No. 61, September 2014. ISSN 2190-9806; International audience; We analyse the potential for shifting freight transports to the railways in Western and Central Europe. This potential arises for large and concentrated freight flows over long distances of about 300 km or more. However, we show that there are only few such freight flows in Europe, and that they are concentrated or connected to the central European population centers, sometimes called the "Blue Banana". As a consequence, the European railway freight corridors according to EU Regulation 913/2010 should be divided into two distinct groups: first tier and second tier corridors. Substantial innovations should be introduced on the first tier corridors first, in order to increase efficiency and reduce noise. This refers to core innovations for rolling stock like the introduction of automatic couplings, electronic or electro-pneumatic brakes, and modern bogies.

Abstract

International audience; Despite the failure of initial attempts and still uncertain economic profitability, UCCs are continuing to develop in France and elsewhere in Europe. This chapter shows that there is no single solution but rather a whole range of urban logistics spaces (ULSs) between which local authorities must decide on the basis of the objectives assigned to these facilities. It proposes the criteria to be taken into account and the institutional and regulatory measures that appear best adapted. The chapter classifies the different types of ULS and, for each of the six categories identified, specifies their scope of application, the elements regarding implementation and/or operating costs, and details the appropriate accompanying measures needed to favor their success. The six categories are the Urban Logistics Zone (ULZ), the Urban Distribution Center (UDC), the Vehicle Reception Point (VRP), the Goods Reception Point (GRP), the Urban Logistics Box (ULB) and the "mobile" Urban Logistics Space (mULS).