Documents published in Scipedia

• “Enfoque ráster” del problema hidrodinámico del flujo en lámina libre en 2D

  J. Soler, E. Bladé, J. Bofill, P. Gamazo

  Tecnología y ciencias del agua (2013). Vol. IV (4), pp. 77-92

  
  

  Abstract

  Geographical information systems traditionally provide information using two formats–raster and vector. Each one of these formats is handled according to their independent algorithms. Consequently, any type of hydraulic study performed in a territory contains information that can be classified by these two formats. LiDAR is the most precise technology used to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEM) for large areas, with a spatial resolution of 1 to 2 m and a minimum precision in height. It gives the cartographic information its raster characteristic, with the cell as its basic unit of information. Consequently, this kind of information is very suitable to the generation of structured quadrilateral meshes to numerically model free surface flow in two dimensions. The main objective of this work was to present an adaptation of the classic explicit first order finite volumes scheme to a finite square volumes (FSV) mesh which, directly and without interpolations, makes each cell in the DEM (or raster) equal to the corresponding FSV. Consequently, the dimensions of the FSV are those of the base DEM cell. This is presented herein as a raster approach to the hydrodynamic problem of free surface flow in two dimensions. With the raster approach, the database for the mesh topology does not need to be consulted for each instant of time and, therefore, the efficiency of the numeric process is greatly improved. Consequently, larger-sized problems can be addressed. An additional objective was to compare both approaches by solving an illustrative example.

  Abstract
  Geographical information systems traditionally provide information using two formats–raster and vector. Each one of these formats is handled according to their independent [...]

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• Correlación de parámetros geotécnicos con parámetros de un modelo hidrológico superficial

  C. Caro, E. Bladé, N. Rojas

  Ingenio Magno (2013). Vol. 4, pp. 76-86

  
  

  Abstract

  Este artículo presenta la relación entre parámetros geotécnicos básicos y parámetros del modelo hidrológico de Thomas para balance hídrico de cuencas hidrográficas rurales. Esta relación funciona como una aplicación metodológica de calibración, herramienta útil en modelos distribuidos como es el caso de IBER, que representa un sistema distribuido de simulación numérica para flujo no permanente en lámina libre. Se realizó una exploración en 25 puntos (en 15 subcuencas) de la cuenca de Rio de Piedras (Boyacá), obteniendo muestras de suelo a las cuales se les realizó caracterización geotécnica mediante ensayos de laboratorio.

  Abstract
  Este artículo presenta la relación entre parámetros geotécnicos básicos y parámetros del modelo hidrológico de Thomas para [...]

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• Modelo de transferencia vertical dentro de un modelo hidrológico continuo en un esquema de volúmenes finitos

  C. Caro, E. Bladé, P. Acosto

  L'esprit ingeniuex (2012). Vol. 3 (1), pp. 144-154

  
  

  Abstract

  Tomando como base modelos actuales en hidrología, y de acuerdo a las características y a la base del modelo IBER (modelo matemático bidimensional para la simulación de flujos en ríos y estuarios), se ha ajustado el esquema preliminar de lo que será el componente HMC (Modelo Hidrológico Continuo) del modelo IBER, adaptando condiciones de subsuelo y zona subterránea de manera continua al modelo hidrológico basado en esquemas de volúmenes finitos. El modelo escribe el paso del agua desde su estado como precipitación, pasando por el encharcamiento y flujo superficial, hasta el componente que viaja por infiltración y vía subterránea a través de los acuíferos y zonas de retorno de flujo a zonas superficiales, todo mediante una modelización que tiene como base la solución explícita de ecuaciones que trabajan celda a celda en un esquema de volúmenes finitos

  Abstract
  Tomando como base modelos actuales en hidrología, y de acuerdo a las características y a la base del modelo IBER (modelo matemático bidimensional para [...]

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• Simulación de la onda de avenida por ruptura de tanque de enfriamiento

  O. Fuentes, M. Arganis, E. Bladé, M. Sánchez-Juny, F. Luna, J. Cruz, J. Mendoza, J. Aragón

  Tláloc AMH (2010). Vol. 46, pp. 1-11

  
  

  Abstract

  Se llevó a cabo la simulación de la ruptura del borde de un tanque de enfriamiento usando dos métodos: Uno de volúmenes finitos denominado CARPA y un algoritmo en diferencias finitas centradas. El algoritmo en volúmenes finitos CARPA utilizado con el pre y post procesador GiD mostró ser una herramienta muy poderosa en la animación de planicies de inundación, útiles en la interpretación de resultados tanto en el espacio como en el tiempo, para la protección civil, así como para definir las posibles zonas afectadas debido a fenómenos como el de la ruptura de bordos

  Abstract
  Se llevó a cabo la simulación de la ruptura del borde de un tanque de enfriamiento usando dos métodos: Uno de volúmenes finitos denominado CARPA [...]

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• Análisis del riesgo del transporte fluvial de los lodos mineros residuales del vertido de Aznalcóllar en el valle medio-bajo del río Guadiamar

  A. Benito-Calvo, G. Benito, F. Gallart, J. Martí-Vide, D. Regüés-Muñoz, E. Bladé

  Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España (2001). Vol. 14 (1-2), pp. 89-100

  
  

  Abstract

  After de Aznalcóllar pyrite mine disaster (Seville, Spain) which caused the spilling of some 4.5 hm3 of acid water, the floodplains of the rivers Agrio and Guadiamar were rapidly cleaned of waste sludge.

  Abstract
  After de Aznalcóllar pyrite mine disaster (Seville, Spain) which caused the spilling of some 4.5 hm3 of acid water, the floodplains of the rivers Agrio and Guadiamar [...]

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• Hydrological and geomorphological criteria to evaluate the dispersion risk of waste sludge generated by the Aznalcollar mine spill (SW Spain)

  G. Benito, A. Benito-Calvo, F. Gallart, J. Martí-Vide, D. Regües, E. Bladé

  Environmental geology (2001). Vol. 40 (4-5), pp. 417-428

  
  

  Abstract

  Following the Aznalcóllar pyrite mine disaster (Seville, Spain) which caused the spilling of some 4.5 hm3 of acid water, the floodplains of the rivers Agrio and Guadiamar were rapidly cleaned of waste sludge. However, despite the efficiency of cleaning activities, there is still evidence of a fine superficial layer of sludge and some soil contamination, with the consequent risk of remobilisation of the pollutants by water erosion. There is much concern that these contaminated sediments may affect the precious ecosystems of the Doñana National Park and the Guadalquivir marshlands. This report describes the evaluation of the risk of mobilisation of the waste sludge through (1) detailed geomorphological analysis, indicating potential areas of erosion-sedimentation on the floodplains of the rivers Agrio and Guadiamar, and predicted dynamics of the waste sludge, and (2) evaluation of the potential dispersion of the waste sludge provoked by future flood events, including hydraulic calculations to model channel flow and the analysis of the texture of the sludge to obtain critical transport and sedimentation values. Findings suggest that the waste sludge is likely to be transported and deposited within the Doñana National Park during future flood events

  Abstract
  Following the Aznalcóllar pyrite mine disaster (Seville, Spain) which caused the spilling of some 4.5 hm3 of acid water, the floodplains of the rivers Agrio [...]

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• Modelling flood propagation in the service galleries of a nuclear power plant

  E. Bladé, M. Sanz-Ramos, J. Dolz, J. Expósito-Pérez, M. Juny

  Nuclear Engineering and Desing (2019). Vol. 352, pp. 1-10

  
  

  Abstract

  In the context of the stress tests that have to be applied to nuclear power plants, this work presents the study of the flooding processes of the service galleries of a nuclear plant caused by a hypothetical failure of some of the pipes of the Essential Services Water System (ESWS). To assess the flood propagation along the galleries, two-dimensional hydraulic modelling tools, based on the solution of the shallow water equations with the finite volume method, were used. Due to the complexity and special features of the geometry and hydraulic processes, when compared with more standard urban flood assessment works, several specific modules were developed. A relevant one is a new module to consider the effect of the occupation of the galleries on the advance of the waterfront. This module was developed and verified prior to being applied to a case study. The results show the suitability of the proposed methodology to be used as part of the stress tests to ensure high security standards of nuclear power plants.

  Abstract
  In the context of the stress tests that have to be applied to nuclear power plants, this work presents the study of the flooding processes of the service galleries of a nuclear [...]

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• Computational modelling of fine sediment relocation within a dam reservoir by means of artificial flood generation in a reservoir cascade

  E. Bladé, M. Juny, M. Bofill, J. Dolz

  Water Resources Research (2019). Vol. 55 (4), pp. 3156-3170

  
  

  Abstract

  Sediment relocation is a process where water turbulence moves deposits from shallower to deeper zones of a lake or reservoir. Additionally, in the context of a reservoir cascade relocation is a one of the possible sediment management strategies used to maintain the operational capacity of reservoirs. Numerical modelling tools applied to sediment dynamics can help to better understand the reservoir sedimentary processes and enhance the design of management strategies. This paper describes the detailed analysis of the cohesive sediment dynamics within a reservoir and a methodology for the calibration of numerical models for the management of sediment deposits through dam operation and upstream generation of artificial floods. The calibration process was based on an Accumulated Sediment Volume (ASV) curve and the usage of simplified models for an initial parameter estimation. The calibrated model has been applied to analyse different possibilities of sediment relocation strategies.

  Abstract
  Sediment relocation is a process where water turbulence moves deposits from shallower to deeper zones of a lake or reservoir. Additionally, in the context of a reservoir cascade [...]

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• Physical modeling of a stepped spillway without sidewalls

  S. Estrella, M. Sánchez-Juny, E. Bladé, J. Dolz

  Canadian journal of civil engineering (2015). Vol. 42 (5), pp. 311-318

  
  

  Abstract

  The interest of a consulting company in designing stepped spillways in roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams led us to propose the possibility of building this type of spillway without sidewalls. Previous research on stepped spillways has focused on characterizing the complex hydraulic behavior of flow on these structures, as well as design criteria. Such studies have usually been conducted on stepped spillways with a constant width along the spillway, that is, with sidewalls. In the present work, we report the results of the physical modeling of a generic stepped spillway without sidewalls (slope 1v:0.8h). In general terms, the lack of sidewalls produces a lateral expansion of water and therefore a non-uniform longitudinal and transversal discharge distribution. Consequently, the flow type, characteristic water depth, velocity, air concentration, and pressure fields change along and across the spillway. The resulting data demonstrate that the distribution of the different variables studied depend on the specific discharge at the entrance and the spillway height.

  Abstract
  The interest of a consulting company in designing stepped spillways in roller compacted concrete (RCC) dams led us to propose the possibility of building this type of spillway [...]

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• Envisat/ASAR Images for the Calibration of Wind Drag Action in the Donana Wetlands 2D Hydrodynamic Model

  A. Ramos, B. Martí-Cardona, E. Bladé, J. Dolz

  Remote Sensing of Environment (2014). Vol. 6 (1), pp. 379-406

  
  

  Abstract

  Donana National Park wetlands are located in southwest Spain, on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River, near the Atlantic Ocean coast. The wetlands dry out completely every summer and progressively flood again throughout the fall and winter seasons. Given the flatness of Donana's topography, the wind drag action can induce the flooding or emergence of extensive areas, detectable in remote sensing images. Envisat/ASAR scenes acquired before and during strong and persistent wind episodes enabled the spatial delineation of the wind-induced water displacement. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Donana wetlands was built in 2006 with the aim to predict the effect of proposed hydrologic restoration actions within Donana's basin. In this work, on-site wind records and concurrent ASAR scenes are used for the calibration of the wind-drag modeling by assessing different formulations. Results show a good adjustment between the modeled and observed wind drag effect. Displacements of up to 2 km in the wind direction are satisfactorily reproduced by the hydrodynamic model, while including an atmospheric stability parameter led to no significant improvement of the results. Such evidence will contribute to a more accurate simulation of hypothetic or design scenarios, when no information is available for the atmospheric stability assessment. Doñana National Park wetlands are located in southwest Spain, on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River, near the Atlantic Ocean coast. The wetlands dry out completely every summer and progressively flood again throughout the fall and winter seasons. Given the flatness of Doñana’s topography, the wind drag action can induce the flooding or emergence of extensive areas, detectable in remote sensing images. Envisat/ASAR scenes acquired before and during strong and persistent wind episodes enabled the spatial delineation of the wind-induced water displacement. A two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Doñana wetlands was built in 2006 with the aim to predict the effect of proposed hydrologic restoration actions within Doñana’s basin. In this work, on-site wind records and concurrent ASAR scenes are used for the calibration of the wind-drag modeling by assessing different formulations. Results show a good adjustment between the modeled and observed wind drag effect. Displacements of up to 2 km in the wind direction are satisfactorily reproduced by the hydrodynamic model, while including an atmospheric stability parameter led to no significant improvement of the results. Such evidence will contribute to a more accurate simulation of hypothetic or design scenarios, when no information is available for the atmospheric stability assessment

  Abstract
  Donana National Park wetlands are located in southwest Spain, on the right bank of the Guadalquivir River, near the Atlantic Ocean coast. The wetlands dry out completely every [...]

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