Latest revision as of 23:13, 22 March 2021

Abstract

Significant efforts to incentivize the uptake of energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) are evident across the globe. Given EEV markets are dynamic, and consumer demand may fluctuate in response to incentives, this may also lead to other market forces influencing prices. An analysis of EEV incentives, therefore, must account for the possible endogeneity between demand and pricing. Here we estimate the effects of different types of incentives on the demand and price premiums of a specific group of EEVs: plug-in and conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). For the first time we dis-entangle the endogeneity between HEV demand and price, using error components three-stage least squares (EC3SLS) regression, and establish that increased HEV price premiums lead to reduced demand. In turn, we also establish that increased HEV demand leads to lower price premiums. Additionally, we find that one-off subsidies are associated with higher consumer demand, however, unlike other types of incentives, are also associated with higher HEV price premiums. This finding suggests that HEV manufacturers and/or dealers are absorbing a significant monetary benefit from one-off subsidies, raising a question regarding the appropriateness of HEV subsidies, particularly in non-HEV manufacturing nations. We also find that higher fuel prices are associated with higher HEV demand and price premiums.

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The different versions of the original document can be found in:

• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020020 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by

• http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020020 under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/2/20/pdf under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/2/20,

https://doaj.org/toc/2032-6653 under the license cc-by

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/2/20/pdf,

http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10020020

• https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/2/20/pdf,

https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/10/2/20/htm,

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:f0c17e7,

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1355083,

https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2940244939 under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/