Serna Moreno et al 2024a - Revision history

Marherna: Marherna moved page Review 935692143300 to Serna Moreno et al 2024a

2024-01-27T12:28:17Z

Marherna moved page Review 935692143300 to Serna Moreno et al 2024a

Marherna at 12:27, 27 January 2024

2024-01-27T12:27:47Z

Mcserna at 21:23, 18 December 2023

2023-12-18T21:23:07Z

Mcserna at 21:19, 18 December 2023

2023-12-18T21:19:56Z

Mcserna at 21:04, 18 December 2023

2023-12-18T21:04:15Z

Mcserna at 21:01, 18 December 2023

2023-12-18T21:01:52Z

Mcserna at 18:53, 18 December 2023

2023-12-18T18:53:34Z

Mcserna at 18:52, 18 December 2023

2023-12-18T18:52:38Z

Mcserna at 18:50, 18 December 2023

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Mcserna at 18:48, 18 December 2023

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 ==1. Introduction==
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 The UNE 0074:2023 Specification entitled “Plastic materials. Shear test method by means of tension-compression on cruciform specimen" [4] has been carried out by the Spanish Association for Standardization UNE, within the technical committee 53 "Plásticos y Caucho" (CNT 53) in the working group 8 (GT8). The University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), the AIMPLAS-Plastic Technological Institute, the Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences and the company Siemens-Gamesa have participated in its writing. The document describes the method to determine the shear mechanical response of plastics with and without reinforcement. The Specification is based on the research carried out by the research group of Continuum Mechanics, Structures and Materials (COMES) of the UCLM in the COMMUL and BISHEAR projects developed within the framework of the national programs of R&D oriented towards the challenges facing society 2016 and the "Proof of Concept" projects 2021. The main features of the pre-standard are described below, referring the reader to review the entire document for a greater detail [4].
+== <br> 2. UNE 0074:2023 Specification ==
 ==2. UNE 0074:2023 Specification==
-−
 The UNE 0074:2023 Specification specifies a test method in which the central region of a cruciform specimen is subjected to a biaxial state in which tension is applied on the arms of the specimen in one direction and compression of equal modulus in the perpendicular direction. The methodology is applicable to symmetric and balanced polymer based laminates with the fibres oriented at ±45° with respect to the two directions of the arms in which the load is applied. The method is suitable for determining shear properties in the linear and non-linear stress-strain ranges, even at large shear strains (greater than 5%).

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 ==4. Conclusions==
-The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that permits to observe higher shear strain levels than the existing methodologies.
+The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that permits to observe higher shear strains than the existing methodologies.
 ==Acknowledgements==

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 ==4. Conclusions==
-The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that improves the results of the existing methodologies to determine the material shear response. The use of an antibuckling device permits to obseve shear strain levels close to 40%.
+The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that permits to observe higher shear strain levels than the existing methodologies.
 ==Acknowledgements==

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 ==3. Results==
-The procedure recommended by the UNE 0074:2023 specification has been satisfactorily applied for determining the shear stress-strain evolution of a M21E epoxy matrix reinforced with 34% by weight of IMA-12-K unidirectional carbon fiber, achieving strain levels close to 40% using a anti-buckling device (Fig. 4). These results have been recently published in reference [6] and they are shown in the communication titled “Análisis numérico-experimental del estado tensión-deformación de cortadura pura obtenido mediante el ensayo biaxial tracción-compresión” submitted to MATCOMP23. The comparison of the pure shear stress-strain evolution in the TC test and that obtained from the ASTM D3518 standard [7], allowed us to observe the improvement of the results with respect to this already existing methodology. ASTM D3518 instructs on how to proceed to obtain the in-plane shear modulus by applying a uniaxial tensile load to a ±45º symmetrical angle-ply laminate. Adequate values of the shear modulus are obtained with the uniaxial tests, but the response at large strains is clearly affected by the combination of normal and shear stresses in the principal directions of the material. This also occurs in the case of carrying out the test by applying a uniaxial compression load on symmetrical ±45º angle-ply laminates.
+The procedure recommended by the UNE 0074:2023 specification has been satisfactorily applied for determining the shear stress-strain evolution of a M21E epoxy matrix reinforced with 34% by weight of IMA-12-K unidirectional carbon fiber, achieving shear strain levels close to 40% using a anti-buckling device (Fig. 4). These results have been recently published in reference [6] and they are shown in the communication titled “Análisis numérico-experimental del estado tensión-deformación de cortadura pura obtenido mediante el ensayo biaxial tracción-compresión” submitted to MATCOMP23. The comparison of the pure shear stress-strain evolution in the TC test and that obtained from the ASTM D3518 standard [7], allowed us to observe the improvement of the results with respect to this already existing methodology. ASTM D3518 instructs on how to proceed to obtain the in-plane shear modulus by applying a uniaxial tensile load to a ±45º symmetrical angle-ply laminate. Adequate values of the shear modulus are obtained with the uniaxial tests, but the response at large strains is clearly affected by the combination of normal and shear stresses in the principal directions of the material. This also occurs in the case of carrying out the test by applying a uniaxial compression load on symmetrical ±45º angle-ply laminates.
 <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
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 ==4. Conclusions==
-The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that improves the results of existing methodologies to determine the material shear response.
+The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that improves the results of the existing methodologies to determine the material shear response. The use of an antibuckling device permits to obseve shear strain levels close to 40%.
 ==Acknowledgements==

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 ==4. Conclusions==
-That is why, after the analysis of the results of the TC test, it was estimated that it was an appropriate methodology to determine the pure shear properties, being proposed as a basis for the preparation of the UNE 0074:2023 Specification [76].
+The test methodology recommended in Specification UNE 0074:2023 for determining the pure shear properties of a fibre reinforced polymer in principal material directions is presented. The procedure is based on the biaxial tension-compression test with a cruciform specimen on symmetrical angle-ply ±45º laminates, which is proposed as an alternative that improves the results of existing methodologies to determine the material shear response.
 ==Acknowledgements==

← Older revision	Revision as of 12:28, 27 January 2024
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-Then, in a reference system rotated 45º to the X-Y axes, a pure shear state would be produced in which the maximum value of the shear stress <math display="inline">\, {\tau }_{max}</math> is given by Eq. 3, with the corresponding engineering strain <math display="inline">{\gamma }_{max}</math> calculated with Eq. 4.
+Then, in a reference system rotated 45º to the X-Y axes, a pure shear state would be produced in which the maximum value of the shear stress <math display="inline">\, {\tau }_{12}</math> is given by Eq. 3, with the corresponding engineering strain <math display="inline">{\gamma }_{12}</math> calculated with Eq. 4.
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 {| style="border: 1pt solid black;margin:auto;width: 100%;"
 |-
-| <math>\, {\tau }_{max}=\frac{({\sigma }_{XX}-{\sigma }_{YY})}{2}</math>
+| <math>\, {\tau }_{12}=\frac{({\sigma }_{XX}-{\sigma }_{YY})}{2}</math>
 |}
 |  style="border: 1pt solid black;width: 5px;text-align: right;white-space: nowrap;"|(3)
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 {| style="border: 1pt solid black;margin:auto;width: 100%;"
 |-
-| <math>{\gamma }_{max}={\epsilon }_{XX}-{\epsilon }_{YY}</math>
+| <math>{\gamma }_{12}={\epsilon }_{XX}-{\epsilon }_{YY}</math>
 |}
 |  style="border: 1pt solid black;width: 5px;text-align: right;white-space: nowrap;"|(4)

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 |  style="vertical-align: top;"|
 |  style="vertical-align: top;"|S. Horta Muñoz, M.C. Serna Moreno, Tension-compression biaxial test with ±45° symmetric angle-ply laminates for determining the pure shear response in principal material directions of a lamina, Composites Part B: Engineering, 261, 110792, 2023.
 |}

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 The procedure recommended by the UNE 0074:2023 specification has been satisfactorily applied for determining the shear stress-strain evolution of a M21E epoxy matrix reinforced with 34% by weight of IMA-12-K unidirectional carbon fiber, achieving strain levels close to 40% using a anti-buckling device (Fig. 4). These results have been recently published in reference [6] and they are shown in the communication titled “Análisis numérico-experimental del estado tensión-deformación de cortadura pura obtenido mediante el ensayo biaxial tracción-compresión” submitted to MATCOMP23. The comparison of the pure shear stress-strain evolution in the TC test and that obtained from the ASTM D3518 standard [7], allowed us to observe the improvement of the results with respect to this already existing methodology. ASTM D3518 instructs on how to proceed to obtain the in-plane shear modulus by applying a uniaxial tensile load to a ±45º symmetrical angle-ply laminate. Adequate values of the shear modulus are obtained with the uniaxial tests, but the response at large strains is clearly affected by the combination of normal and shear stresses in the principal directions of the material. This also occurs in the case of carrying out the test by applying a uniaxial compression load on symmetrical ±45º angle-ply laminates.
-[[File:Review_935692143300_2941_Fig4.png]]
+[[File:Review_935692143300_7475_Fig_4.png]]
 ==4. Conclusions==