Seddon et al 2019a - Revision history

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 733008496 to Seddon et al 2019a

2022-03-31T18:52:27Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 733008496 to Seddon et al 2019a

Scipediacontent: Created page with "== Abstract == The catastrophic failure of structures due to the impact of high energy waves or high speed projectiles can occur in a wide range of situations, including ball..."

2022-03-31T18:52:24Z

Created page with "== Abstract == The catastrophic failure of structures due to the impact of high energy waves or high speed projectiles can occur in a wide range of situations, including ball..."

New page

== Abstract ==

The catastrophic failure of structures due to the impact of high energy waves or high speed projectiles can occur in a wide range of situations, including ballast impacts on high speed trains, manmade terrorist acts or accidental industrial events. High energy absorbing materials are therefore essential for the protection of both the hardware as well as personnel. One common requirement in all applications is the development of materials with reduced weight whilst guaranteeing high energy absorption levels.
The aim of this work has been the investigation of lighter weight metallic composite systems with suitable properties aimed primarily at withstanding high-velocity projectiles and high energy impacts. (E≈ 100 J or v ≈ 120 m/s). Metallic hybrid test panels have been designed and manufactured using both aluminum and aluminum foam layers. To evaluate their efficiency in the case of a high energy impact the panels have been tested under simulated high-velocity projectile impact conditions by means of a pneumatic air cannon.. The tested panels have been assessed using visual inspection as well as X-ray tomography and IR thermography. The panel deformation as well as the delamination between structural layers has been assessed for the different proposed solutions.

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_733008496native-articles-218.pdf</pdf>

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 Finally, processing the data collected by the thermographic camera by tsr methodology [<span id='cite-3'></span>[[#3|3]]], it was possible to identify the surface affected by the impact damage.
-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>[[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 223513.png|centre]][[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 223613.png|centre]]<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
+<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>[[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 223855.png|centre]][[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 223930.png|centre]]<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
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 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 7.''' Results obtained for NDT inspections using IR thermography and different heating methods (Panel 8).</span></div>

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 Finally, processing the data collected by the thermographic camera by tsr methodology [<span id='cite-3'></span>[[#3|3]]], it was possible to identify the surface affected by the impact damage.
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+<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>[[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 223513.png|centre]][[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 223613.png|centre]]<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"></div>
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 <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 7.''' Results obtained for NDT inspections using IR thermography and different heating methods (Panel 8).</span></div>

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 Finally, processing the data collected by the thermographic camera by tsr methodology [<span id='cite-3'></span>[[#3|3]]], it was possible to identify the surface affected by the impact damage.
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 <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 6.''' Infrared Thermography NDT inspections for damage characterization of tested panels</span></div>
+<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 6.''' Infrared Thermography NDT inspections for damage characterization of tested panels.</span></div>
 Finally, processing the data collected by the thermographic camera by tsr methodology [<span id='cite-3'></span>[[#3|3]]], it was possible to identify the surface affected by the impact damage.

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 ==1 Introduction==
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 Foamed aluminium cores (SmartMetal™ stabilized aluminum foam from Cymat Technologies) were supplied with two densities: 7% and 16% density (200 and 430 kgm<sup>-3</sup> respectively). Core thicknesses ranged from 12.7mm to 30mm and were arranged in either single or double core profiles (Figure 1).  This arrangement was selected to determine if multiple cores performed better at absorbing the impact energy.
-[[Image:Seddon_et_al_2019a-image5-c.jpeg|600px]]
+<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 1.''' Examples of (top) single and (bottom) double foam core panels.</span>
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-[[Image:Seddon_et_al_2019a-image6-c.jpeg|600px]]
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 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 1.''' Examples of (top) single and (bottom) double foam core panels</span>
 Table 1 lists the test panels manufactured and tested in this study.  Several aluminium alloys were studied
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 :2) threaded bolt section discs with diameter 21.0mm and weight 16.0 g (Figure 2d).
+[[File:Captura de pantalla 2022-10-24 222639.png|centre|555x555px]]
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 '''Figure 2.''' (a) Pneumatic cannon, (b) test panel, (c) type A (ball) secondary fragment and sabot, (d) type B (threaded disc) secondary fragment and sabot.
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 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Table 3.''' Impact test results including initial, rebound, perforation velocities and panel ballistic limits where, V<sub>i</sub> is the impact velocity, V<sub>p</sub> is velocity after perforation, V<sub>r</sub> is the rebound velocity, V<sub>b</sub> is the approximation to ballistic limit velocity calculation, E<sub>p</sub> is the approximation to the energy absorbed by panel during impact (or energy required to induce the perforation damage).</span>
+[[File:Seddon_et_al_2019a-image9.png|centre|600x600px]]
-[[Image:Seddon_et_al_2019a-image9.png|600px]]
 '''Figure 3.''' Ballistic limit velocity vs. weight of tested panels. Circled values denote V<sub>b</sub> calculated from perforated panels. All other panels did not fully perforate and therefore V<sub>b</sub>value for these panels will be higher than those shown.
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 The investigation also looked at alternative foam core arrangements to enhance performance.  A double core structure was manufactured for both foam densities and compared against a single foam core structure with similar thickness.  The double core consisted of two 12.7 mm thick cores spearated by an additional solid aluminium layer in the centre of the panel. In the case of the lower density foam, the double core increased the V<sub>b</sub> from 96 to 111 ms<sup>-1</sup> compared to the single core.
+[[File:Seddon_et_al_2019a-image10.png|centre|600x600px]]
-[[Image:Seddon_et_al_2019a-image10.png|600px]]
 '''Figure 4.''' Ballistic limits (red) and panel weights (blue) comparison for selected panels (nominal core thickness 12.7 mm). Unprotected 30 mm 16 % density foam core as comparison.

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