Sanz-Ramos et al 2026a - Revision history

Scipediacontent at 08:35, 28 September 2026

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ScipediaAdmin: ScipediaAdmin moved page Draft Sanz-Ramos 817161369 to Sanz-Ramos et al 2026a

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ScipediaAdmin moved page Draft Sanz-Ramos 817161369 to Sanz-Ramos et al 2026a

Msanz at 08:04, 6 May 2026

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2026-05-06T07:59:11Z

Msanz at 07:57, 6 May 2026

2026-05-06T07:57:47Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 08:35, 28 September 2026
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−	where <math display="inline">A</math> is the wetted area, <math display="inline">Q</math> is the discharge, <math display="inline">g</math> is the gravitational acceleration, <math display="inline">{S}_{o}</math> is the is the bed slope, and <math ~~display="inline"~~>{S}_{f}</math> is the friction slope. The terms <math display="inline">{I}_{1}</math> and <math display="inline">{I}_{2}</math> represent the hydrostatic pressure force integral and the pressure force component due to longitudinal variations in channel width, respectively. The current sections implemented in Iber-1D are circular, rectangular and trapezoidal. Future versions will implement further cross-sections type.	+	where <math display="inline">A</math> is the wetted area, <math display="inline">Q</math> is the discharge, <math display="inline">g</math> is the gravitational acceleration, <math display="inline">{S}_{o}</math> is the is the bed slope, and <math>{S}_{f}</math> is the friction slope. The terms <math display="inline">{I}_{1}</math> and <math display="inline">{I}_{2}</math> represent the hydrostatic pressure force integral and the pressure force component due to longitudinal variations in channel width, respectively. The current sections implemented in Iber-1D are circular, rectangular and trapezoidal. Future versions will implement further cross-sections type.

	====3.1.2 Junctions====		====3.1.2 Junctions====

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 Numerical modelling of channel networks, whether it be sewers or irrigation canals, is particularly relevant to properly characterize the propagation of free surface and pressurized flows. Despite Iber already has a one-dimensional module [<span id='cite-_Bib001'></span>[[#_Bib001|1]],<span id='cite-_Bib002'></span>[[#_Bib002|2]]], it is oriented to simulate coupled urban pluvial floods using numerical techniques and a workflow not fully coupled with the rest of [https://www.iberaula.es/53/iber-model/modules modules of Iber]. This fact limited its application to particular cases and made it impossible to consider transport processes.
-Iber-1D raises, based on Iber [<span id='cite-_Bib001'></span>[[#_Bib003|3]]], as a depth-averaged one-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool to simulate free and pressurized flows in channels networks, fully coupled with suspended sediment transport process. Using the classical and robust numerical scheme of Roe (hydrodynamics) and the sediment transport equations (suspended load), together with the Exner equation to update bed elevation, the code was refactored and unified to ensure the same flow behaviour in 1D and 2D simulations in equal geometry discretization. This not only resulted in good interaction between Iber-1D and the other calculation modules, but also a significant improvement in the performance of the hydrodynamic module with accelerations greater than 2x was achieved (reaching values up to 22x in complex channel networks).
+Iber-1D raises, based on Iber [<span id='cite-_Bib003'></span>[[#_Bib003|3]]], as a depth-averaged one-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool to simulate free and pressurized flows in channels networks, fully coupled with suspended sediment transport process. Using the classical and robust numerical scheme of Roe (hydrodynamics) and the sediment transport equations (suspended load), together with the Exner equation to update bed elevation, the code was refactored and unified to ensure the same flow behaviour in 1D and 2D simulations in equal geometry discretization. This not only resulted in good interaction between Iber-1D and the other calculation modules, but also a significant improvement in the performance of the hydrodynamic module with accelerations greater than 2x was achieved (reaching values up to 22x in complex channel networks).
 The common applications of Iber-1D are the numerical modelling of sewer networks (urban drainage) and channel networks (irrigation), but also it is an incipient tool to simulate propagation processes in such computational domains where the flow is mainly 1D. To that end, new cross-sections were included besides a particular way to calculate the Rouse profile in suspended sediment transport modelling, which notably improve the numerical performance properly maintaining the accuracy of the numerical tool.
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 ===2.1 Generalities===
-The current version of Iber-1D is fully integrated into Iber. Thus, the same properties, options and main workflow used in Iber also applies to Iber-1D. Only particular characteristics of this module are described below. Further information can be found in the Iber v3 Refence manual [4].
+The current version of Iber-1D is fully integrated into Iber. Thus, the same properties, options and main workflow used in Iber also applies to Iber-1D. Only particular characteristics of this module are described below. Further information can be found in the Iber v3 Refence manual [<span id='cite-_Bib004'></span>[[#_Bib004|4]]].
-It is worth noticing that Iber-1D works as fully coupled one-dimensional hydrodynamic module together with the classical two-dimensional hydrodynamic module of Iber. Thus, the user can choose if 1D, 2D or 1D/2D simulation is carried out. Flow exchange between 1D/2D and 2D/1D domains are possible through options of the urban drainage module Iber-UD [1,2]. Additionally, this new module presents relevant improvement: it is fully coupled with the suspended sediment transport module of Iber [5–7]. Future interactions with other modules are not discarded.
+It is worth noticing that Iber-1D works as fully coupled one-dimensional hydrodynamic module together with the classical two-dimensional hydrodynamic module of Iber. Thus, the user can choose if 1D, 2D or 1D/2D simulation is carried out. Flow exchange between 1D/2D and 2D/1D domains are possible through options of the urban drainage module Iber-UD [<span id='cite-_Bib001'></span>[[#_Bib001|1]],<span id='cite-_Bib002'></span>[[#_Bib002|2]]]. Additionally, this new module presents relevant improvement: it is fully coupled with the suspended sediment transport module of Iber [<span id='cite-_Bib005'></span>[[#_Bib005|5]],<span id='cite-_Bib006'></span>[[#_Bib006|6]],<span id='cite-_Bib007'></span>[[#_Bib007|7]]]. Future interactions with other modules are not discarded.
 <span id='_Toc203976059'></span>
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Fig. 2. Entities definition. Junctions (a), Network (b) and 2D areas (c).'''</span>
-The main difference with the classical hydrodynamic modelling using Iber, a two-dimensional numerical tool, is the that the computational domain discretises channels as lines and junctions as points both containing cross-section information. Additionally, as well as for the Urban Drainage module of Iber [4], there are 2D areas that are only connected to 1D domain.
+The main difference with the classical hydrodynamic modelling using Iber, a two-dimensional numerical tool, is the that the computational domain discretises channels as lines and junctions as points both containing cross-section information. Additionally, as well as for the Urban Drainage module of Iber [<span id='cite-_Bib004'></span>[[#_Bib004|4]]], there are 2D areas that are only connected to 1D domain.
 <span id='_Toc203976064'></span>
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 ==3 Governing equations==
-This section is a brief description of the governing equations of Iber-1D. Further details about this hydrodynamic module and the numerical scheme used to solve the equations can be found in Aragón-Hernández [1], as well as in the Reference Manual of the version 3 of Iber [4].
+This section is a brief description of the governing equations of Iber-1D. Further details about this hydrodynamic module and the numerical scheme used to solve the equations can be found in Aragón-Hernández [<span id='cite-_Bib001'></span>[[#_Bib001|1]]], as well as in the Reference Manual of the version 3 of Iber [<span id='cite-_Bib004'></span>[[#_Bib004|4]]].
 ===3.1 Hydrodynamic module===
@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 ====3.2.1 Suspended sediment transport models====
-The term that expresses the suspension and sedimentation of sediment particles <math display="inline">\left( D-\right. </math><math>\left. E\right)</math>  is evaluated through the empirical equations of van Rijn [8], Smith-McLean [9], Ariathurai-Arulanandan[10], and Ariathurai-Arulanandan-López [11].
+The term that expresses the suspension and sedimentation of sediment particles <math display="inline">\left( D-\right. </math><math>\left. E\right)</math>  is evaluated through the empirical equations of van Rijn [<span id='cite-_Bib008'></span>[[#_Bib008|8]]], Smith-McLean [<span id='cite-_Bib009'></span>[[#_Bib009|9]]], Ariathurai-Arulanandan [<span id='cite-_Bib010'></span>[[#_Bib010|10]]], and Ariathurai-Arulanandan-López [<span id='cite-_Bib011'></span>[[#_Bib011|11]]].
 ====3.2.2 Settling velocity====
@@ Line 188: / Line 188: @@
 ====3.2.3 Vertical distribution of the sediment concentration====
-Generally, the suspended sediment concentration on a water current is not homogeneous in vertical neither in horizontal directions. Iber-1D assumes homogeneous distribution of the sediment concentration for the whole section, but it implements the Rouse profile [12] to compute the sediment concentration from the depth-averaged sediment concentration ( <math display="inline">C</math>):
+Generally, the suspended sediment concentration on a water current is not homogeneous in vertical neither in horizontal directions. Iber-1D assumes homogeneous distribution of the sediment concentration for the whole section, but it implements the Rouse profile [<span id='cite-_Bib012'></span>[[#_Bib012|12]]] to compute the sediment concentration from the depth-averaged sediment concentration ( <math display="inline">C</math>):
 {| class="formulaSCP" style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 0.1em auto;width: 100%;text-align: center;"

@@ Line 237: / Line 237: @@
 ==References==
 [1] J.L. Aragón-Hernández, Modelación numérica integrada de los procesos hidráulicos en el drenaje urbano, PhD thesis. Barcelona, mayo de 2013, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013.
 [2] J.Á. Aranda, C. Beneyto, M. Sánchez-Juny, E. Bladé, Efficient Design of Road Drainage Systems, Water (Basel). 13 (2021) 1661. [https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121661. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121661.]
 [3] E. Bladé, L. Cea, G. Corestein, E. Escolano, J. Puertas, E. Vázquez-Cendón, J. Dolz, A. Coll, Iber: herramienta de simulación numérica del flujo en ríos, Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos Para Cálculo y Diseño En Ingeniería 30 (2014) 1–10. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rimni.2012.07.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rimni.2012.07.004.]
 [4] M. Sanz-Ramos, L. Cea, E. Bladé, D. López-Gómez, E. Sañudo, G. Corestein, G. García-Alén, J. Aragón-Hernández, Iber v3. Reference manual and user’s interface of the new implementations, CIMNE, 2022. [https://doi.org/10.23967/iber.2022.01. https://doi.org/10.23967/iber.2022.01.]
 [5] E. Bladé, M. Sánchez‐Juny, M. Arbat, J. Dolz, Computational Modeling of Fine Sediment Relocation Within a Dam Reservoir by Means of Artificial Flood Generation in a Reservoir Cascade, Water Resour. Res. 55 (2019) 3156–3170. [https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024434. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024434.]
 [6] D. López-Gómez, M. De Blas-Moncalvillo, M. Castejón-Zapata, Á. Gassó-Sánchez, E. Bladé, M. Sanz-Ramos, D. Dehghan-Souraki, L. Garrote-de Marco, D. Santillán-Sánchez, J.M. Soria-García, J. San Román-Saldaña, R. Galván-Plaza, M.Á. García-Vera, J. Sánchez-Martínez, Análisis del transporte de sedimentos en el curso bajo del río Ebro mediante modelización numérica de una avenida controlada, Ingeniería Del Agua 28 (2024) 246–262. [https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2024.21768. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2024.21768.]
 [7] D. Dehghan-Souraki, D. López-Gómez, E. Bladé-Castellet, A. Larese, M. Sanz-Ramos, Optimizing sediment transport models by using the Monte Carlo simulation and deep neural network (DNN): A case study of the Riba-Roja reservoir, Environmental Modelling & Software 175 (2024) 105979. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.105979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.105979.]
 [8] L.C. van Rijn, Sediment Transport, Part I: Bed Load Transport, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 110 (1984) 1431–1456. [https://doi.org/10.1061/ https://doi.org/10.1061/](ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:10(1431).
 [9] J.D. Smith, S.R. McLean, Spatially averaged flow over a wavy surface, J. Geophys. Res. 82 (1977) 1735–1746. [https://doi.org/10.1029/JC082i012p01735. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC082i012p01735.]
 [10] R. Ariathurai, K. Arulanandan, Erosion rates of cohesive soils, Journal of the Hydraulics Division 104 (1978) 279–283.
 [11] D. López-Gómez, M. De Blas-Moncalvillo, V. Cuéllar-Moro, Herramientas para la gestión sostenible de la sedimentación en el embalse de Marmolejo (España), Ingeniería Del Agua 28 (2024) 1–16. [https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2024.20376. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2024.20376.]
 [12] H. Rouse, Modern conceptions of the mechanics of turbulence, Transactions American Society of Civil Engineers 102 (1937) 463–543.
  &nbsp;

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 ==1 Introduction==
-Numerical modelling of channel networks, whether it be sewers or irrigation canals, is particularly relevant to properly characterize the propagation of free surface and pressurized flows. Despite Iber already has a one-dimensional module [1,2], it is oriented to simulate coupled urban pluvial floods using numerical techniques and a workflow not fully coupled with the rest of [https://www.iberaula.es/53/iber-model/modules modules of Iber]. This fact limited its application to particular cases and made it impossible to consider transport processes.
+Numerical modelling of channel networks, whether it be sewers or irrigation canals, is particularly relevant to properly characterize the propagation of free surface and pressurized flows. Despite Iber already has a one-dimensional module [<span id='cite-_Bib001'></span>[[#_Bib001|1]],<span id='cite-_Bib002'></span>[[#_Bib002|2]]], it is oriented to simulate coupled urban pluvial floods using numerical techniques and a workflow not fully coupled with the rest of [https://www.iberaula.es/53/iber-model/modules modules of Iber]. This fact limited its application to particular cases and made it impossible to consider transport processes.
-Iber-1D raises, based on Iber [3], as a depth-averaged one-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool to simulate free and pressurized flows in channels networks, fully coupled with suspended sediment transport process. Using the classical and robust numerical scheme of Roe (hydrodynamics) and the sediment transport equations (suspended load), together with the Exner equation to update bed elevation, the code was refactored and unified to ensure the same flow behaviour in 1D and 2D simulations in equal geometry discretization. This not only resulted in good interaction between Iber-1D and the other calculation modules, but also a significant improvement in the performance of the hydrodynamic module with accelerations greater than 2x was achieved (reaching values up to 22x in complex channel networks).
+Iber-1D raises, based on Iber [<span id='cite-_Bib001'></span>[[#_Bib003|3]]], as a depth-averaged one-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical tool to simulate free and pressurized flows in channels networks, fully coupled with suspended sediment transport process. Using the classical and robust numerical scheme of Roe (hydrodynamics) and the sediment transport equations (suspended load), together with the Exner equation to update bed elevation, the code was refactored and unified to ensure the same flow behaviour in 1D and 2D simulations in equal geometry discretization. This not only resulted in good interaction between Iber-1D and the other calculation modules, but also a significant improvement in the performance of the hydrodynamic module with accelerations greater than 2x was achieved (reaching values up to 22x in complex channel networks).
 The common applications of Iber-1D are the numerical modelling of sewer networks (urban drainage) and channel networks (irrigation), but also it is an incipient tool to simulate propagation processes in such computational domains where the flow is mainly 1D. To that end, new cross-sections were included besides a particular way to calculate the Rouse profile in suspended sediment transport modelling, which notably improve the numerical performance properly maintaining the accuracy of the numerical tool.

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