Peng et al 2024a - Revision history

Rimni at 12:32, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:32:12Z

Rimni at 12:31, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:31:36Z

Rimni at 12:19, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:19:15Z

Rimni at 12:10, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:10:15Z

Rimni at 12:09, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:09:43Z

Rimni at 12:05, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:05:22Z

Rimni at 12:04, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:04:35Z

Rimni: /* 5. Economic analysis of the system */

2024-05-15T12:03:32Z

‎5. Economic analysis of the system

Rimni at 12:01, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T12:01:15Z

Rimni at 11:56, 15 May 2024

2024-05-15T11:56:28Z

@@ Line 414: / Line 414: @@
 [5]  Choi W.Y.,  Aravena C.,  Park J.,  Kang D.,  Yoo Y. Performance prediction and evaluation of CO2 utilization with conjoined electrolysis and carbonation using desalinated rejected seawater brine. Desalination, 509, 115068, 2021.
-[6]  Muhammad Q.,  Mohamed B.,  Noor A. Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review. Desalination 459:59–104, 2019.
+[6]  Muhammad Q.,  Mohamed B.,  Noor A. Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review. Desalination, 459:59–104, 2019.
 [7]  Wu X.,  Liu W.,  Gao H.,  Alfaro D.,  Sun S.R.,  Lei R.R.,  Jia T.Q.,  Zheng M.H. Coordinated effects of air pollution control devices on PAH emissions in coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers. Sci. Total Environ., 756, 144063, 2021.

@@ Line 412: / Line 412: @@
 [4]  Guo C.,  Zhao J.,  Zhang T. Development of a modified composite structure from polyurethane sponge for desalinating seawater polluted by oil. Desalination, 524, 115471, 2022.
-[5]  Choi W.Y.,  Aravena C.,  Park J.,  Kang D.,  Yoo Y. Performance prediction and evaluation of CO2 utilization with conjoined electrolysis and carbonation using desalinated rejected seawater brine. Desalination 509, 115068, 2021.
+[5]  Choi W.Y.,  Aravena C.,  Park J.,  Kang D.,  Yoo Y. Performance prediction and evaluation of CO2 utilization with conjoined electrolysis and carbonation using desalinated rejected seawater brine. Desalination, 509, 115068, 2021.
 [6]  Muhammad Q.,  Mohamed B.,  Noor A. Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review. Desalination 459:59–104, 2019.

@@ Line 402: / Line 402: @@
 ==References==
-[1] J.P. Xi, Speech at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly, Gov. Gaz. People’s Repub. China 28 (2020) 1-3.
+[1]   Xi J.P. Speech at the general debate of the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly. Gov. Gaz. People’s Repub. China, 28:1-3, 2020.
-[2] H. Shi, Research on carbon footprint accounting method for petroleum and chemical enterprise products, Pet. Petrochem. Mater. Proc. 16 (2021) 161–162.
+[2]  Shi H. Research on carbon footprint accounting method for petroleum and chemical enterprise products. Pet. Petrochem. Mater. Proc., 16:161–162, 2021.
-[3] A. Aznar-Sánchez, L.J. Belmonte-Urea, J.F. Velasco-Muñoz, D.L. Valera, Farmers’ profiles and behaviours toward desalinated seawater for irrigation: Insights from South-east Spain, J. Clean. Prod. 296 (2021) 126568.
+[3]  Aznar-Sánchez A.,  Belmonte-Urea L.J.,  Velasco-Muñoz J.F.,  Valera D.L. Farmers’ profiles and behaviours toward desalinated seawater for irrigation: Insights from South-east Spain. J. Clean. Prod., 296, 126568, 2021.
-[4] C. Guo, J. Zhao, T. Zhang, Development of a modified composite structure from polyurethane sponge for desalinating seawater polluted by oil, Desalination 524 (2022) 115471.
+[4]  Guo C.,  Zhao J.,  Zhang T. Development of a modified composite structure from polyurethane sponge for desalinating seawater polluted by oil. Desalination, 524, 115471, 2022.
-[5] W.Y. Choi, C. Aravena, J. Park, D. Kang, Y. Yoo, Performance prediction and evaluation of CO2 utilization with conjoined electrolysis and carbonation using desalinated rejected seawater brine, Desalination 509 (2021) 115068.
+[5]  Choi W.Y.,  Aravena C.,  Park J.,  Kang D.,  Yoo Y. Performance prediction and evaluation of CO2 utilization with conjoined electrolysis and carbonation using desalinated rejected seawater brine. Desalination 509, 115068, 2021.
-[6] Q. Muhammad, B. Mohamed, A. Noor, Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review, Desalination 459 (2019) 59–104.
+[6]  Muhammad Q.,  Mohamed B.,  Noor A. Reverse osmosis desalination: A state-of-the-art review. Desalination 459:59–104, 2019.
-[7] X. Wu, W. Liu, H. Gao, D. Alfaro, S.R. Sun, R.R. Lei, T.Q. Jia, M.H. Zheng, Coordinated effects of air pollution control devices on PAH emissions in coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers, Sci. Total Environ. 756 (2021) 144063.
+[7]  Wu X.,  Liu W.,  Gao H.,  Alfaro D.,  Sun S.R.,  Lei R.R.,  Jia T.Q.,  Zheng M.H. Coordinated effects of air pollution control devices on PAH emissions in coal-fired power plants and industrial boilers. Sci. Total Environ., 756, 144063, 2021.
-[8] S. Wu, L. Su, Y. Ge, Assessment of carbon footprint and emission reduction strategies for seawater desalination lifecycle, Ecol. Econ. 261 (2012) 24–26.
+[8]  Wu S.,  Su L.,  Ge Y. Assessment of carbon footprint and emission reduction strategies for seawater desalination lifecycle. Ecol. Econ., 261:24–26, 2012.
-[9] Z. Li, D. Zhang, L. Pan, Low-carbon energy transition path and suggestions for China under the “dual carbon” target, J. Power Eng. 41 (2021) 905–909.
+[9]  Li Z.,  Zhang D.,  Pan L. Low-carbon energy transition path and suggestions for China under the “dual carbon” target. J. Power Eng., 41:905–909, 2021.
-[10] L. Zuo, T. Zhou, C. Li, Techno-economic analysis of wind-assisted solar chimney power plants with combined seawater desalination and waste heat utilization, Renew. Energy 40 (2022) 1459–1464.
+[10]  Zuo L.,  Zhou T.,  Li C. Techno-economic analysis of wind-assisted solar chimney power plants with combined seawater desalination and waste heat utilization. Renew. Energy, 40:1459–1464, 2022.
-[11] S. Liu, F. Zhang, J. Wang, A. Chen, L. Li, Research on carbon reduction paths and strategies for seawater desalination in China under the “dual carbon” target, Environ. Sci. Manag. 47 (2022) 15–19.
+[11]  Liu S.,  Zhang F.,  Wang J.,  Chen A.,  Li L. Research on carbon reduction paths and strategies for seawater desalination in China under the “dual carbon” target. Environ. Sci. Manag., 47:15–19, 2022.

@@ Line 389: / Line 389: @@
 ==6. Conclusion==
-This paper presents a solar-powered seawater desalination device with a water-filled exhaust-type natural vacuum distillation system, which can desalinate seawater using solar energy. The seawater enters the device and passes through a condenser first, then enters the solar collector, where the water temperature is raised. The high-temperature seawater boils in the vacuum evaporator, accelerating the evaporation rate. The generated water vapor flows through pipelines and one-way valves into the condenser, where it condenses into fresh water and heats the low-temperature seawater inside the condensation tube. The desalinated water then flows into a freshwater storage tank through pipes. Part of the evaporated seawater is discharged into the sea, while the rest returns to the solar collector through natural convection. The device also uses the water-filling method to discharge non-condensable gases from the device, thereby achieving vacuum restoration. Experimental research has been conducted on this basis, leading to the following conclusions.
+This paper presents a solar-powered seawater desalination device with a water-filled exhaust-type natural vacuum distillation system, which can desalinate seawater using solar energy. The seawater enters the device and passes through a condenser first, then enters the solar collector, where the water temperature is raised. The high-temperature seawater boils in the vacuum evaporator, accelerating the evaporation rate. The generated water vapor flows through pipelines and one-way valves into the condenser, where it condenses into fresh water and heats the low-temperature seawater inside the condensation tube. The desalinated water then flows into a freshwater storage tank through pipes. Part of the evaporated seawater is discharged into the sea, while the rest returns to the solar collector through natural convection. The device also uses the water-filling method to discharge non-condensable gases from the device, thereby achieving vacuum restoration. Experimental research has been conducted on this basis, leading to the following conclusions:
 (1) By using the natural negative pressure principle, the internal absolute pressure of the evaporator can reach 8 kPa. During the system operation, the accumulation of non-condensable gases causes an increase in pressure inside the evaporator. In this situation, a pump can be used to separately inject seawater and fresh water into the evaporator and condenser, and an exhaust valve can be used to discharge non-condensable gases from the evaporator and condenser. Subsequently, the exhaust valve is closed and the drain valve is opened, restoring natural vacuum to the evaporator and condenser, allowing the entire system to continue operating, although the water production rate decreases continuously.

@@ Line 245: / Line 245: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:777777.png|700px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:777777.png|500px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 7'''. Pressure at different hot sea water temperatures
@@ Line 303: / Line 303: @@
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|1.80
 |}
 ==5. Economic analysis of the system==

@@ Line 329: / Line 329: @@
 |}
-where <math display="inline"> s </math> represents the annual loss factor of the system, including the losses of various components such as pumps, evaporators, etc., and <math display="inline">N  </math> represents the effective lifespan of the system, denoted as '<math display="inline"> a </math>'. By using Eq. (8), calculate the number of flat solar panels required for the system：
+where <math display="inline"> s </math> represents the annual loss factor of the system, including the losses of various components such as pumps, evaporators, etc., and <math display="inline">N  </math> represents the effective lifespan of the system, denoted as '<math display="inline"> a </math>'. By using Eq. (8), calculate the number of flat solar panels required for the system:
 {| class="formulaSCP" style="width: 100%; text-align: left;"

@@ Line 361: / Line 361: @@
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|3
-|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Freshwater Collection Tank
+|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Freshwater collection tank
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|100
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|4
-|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Solar Collector
+|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Solar collector
 | style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;" |6×350
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|5
-|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Circulating Water Pump
+|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Circulating water pump
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|120
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|6
-|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Valves and Pipelines
+|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Valves and pipelines
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|130
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|7
-|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Installation Cost
+|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Installation cost
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|500
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|8
-|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Total Fixed Cost
+|  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|Total fixed cost
 |  style="text-align: center;vertical-align: top;"|4000
 |}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:03, 15 May 2024
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−	Conservatively estimating the service life of the system to be 18 years, with <math>C_{TC}=4000+0.1\times(18-1)\~~times4000~~=10800~~\text{yuan/ton}~~</math>, the city experiences over 300 clear days per year, allowing for continuous operation for 8 hours a day. The daily production of fresh water is <math display="inline">10.98\times 8=87.84</math>kg, resulting in a total fresh water production of 474.34 tons over 18 years. As a result, the average cost of producing one cubic meter of water is 22.5 yuan/ton, which is lower than the conventional solar distillation system (33.6 yuan/ton). Although this cost is relatively high compared to tap water in the city, it is still acceptable when compared to the cost of pure water at 400 yuan/ton.	+	Conservatively estimating the service life of the system to be 18 years, with <math>C_{TC}=4000+0.1\times(18-1)\times 4000=10800</math> yuan/ton, the city experiences over 300 clear days per year, allowing for continuous operation for 8 hours a day. The daily production of fresh water is <math display="inline">10.98\times 8=87.84</math>kg, resulting in a total fresh water production of 474.34 tons over 18 years. As a result, the average cost of producing one cubic meter of water is 22.5 yuan/ton, which is lower than the conventional solar distillation system (33.6 yuan/ton). Although this cost is relatively high compared to tap water in the city, it is still acceptable when compared to the cost of pure water at 400 yuan/ton.

	==6. Conclusion==		==6. Conclusion==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 15 May 2024
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−	The pressure and instantaneous water production of the two cycles inside the evaporator were theoretically calculated and the results were consistent with the experimental results. Based on this, a new design scheme was proposed according to the experimental results, adopting a new design. The pressure in the distillation tower increased rapidly at the beginning of heating the water, and the yield was also high, producing 1.05 kg of fresh water in 5 minutes. However, as the pressure increased, the water production rate gradually decreased. This was mainly attributed to the fact that in the distillation device, the overflow speed of steam and non-condensable gas was very fast when the steam was at very low pressure. When the steam was condensed into fresh water, the accumulation of steam in the distillation device increased. During this process, the non-condensable gas hindered the condensation heat transfer of water vapor in the condensation tube, causing a large amount of water vapor to accumulate in the evaporator, resulting in an increase in pressure and a decrease in water production. As shown in Figure 4, at a temperature of 50°C, when the hot seawater entered the equipment, the low temperature was severely affected by the non-condensable gas, so after excluding the time for filling and draining water, each cycle could only operate for 35 minutes, which was not conducive to the equipment operation.	+	The pressure and instantaneous water production of the two cycles inside the evaporator were theoretically calculated and the results were consistent with the experimental results. Based on this, a new design scheme was proposed according to the experimental results, adopting a new design. The pressure in the distillation tower increased rapidly at the beginning of heating the water, and the yield was also high, producing 1.05 kg of fresh water in 5 minutes. However, as the pressure increased, the water production rate gradually decreased. This was mainly attributed to the fact that in the distillation device, the overflow speed of steam and non-condensable gas was very fast when the steam was at very low pressure. When the steam was condensed into fresh water, the accumulation of steam in the distillation device increased. During this process, the non-condensable gas hindered the condensation heat transfer of water vapor in the condensation tube, causing a large amount of water vapor to accumulate in the evaporator, resulting in an increase in pressure and a decrease in water production. As shown in [[#img-4\|Figure 4]], at a temperature of 50°C, when the hot seawater entered the equipment, the low temperature was severely affected by the non-condensable gas, so after excluding the time for filling and draining water, each cycle could only operate for 35 minutes, which was not conducive to the equipment operation.

	===4.4 Comparison of water production performance at different hot sea water temperatures===		===4.4 Comparison of water production performance at different hot sea water temperatures===

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 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:333333.png|600x600px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:333333.png|500px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 3'''. Relationship between air pressure and wind speed
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 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:444444.png|600x600px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:444444.png|500px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 4'''. Boiling point of fresh water at the corresponding wind speed and corresponding air pressure limit pressure
@@ Line 219: / Line 219: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:555555.png|600x600px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:555555.png|500px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 5'''. Variation of the temperature at the top of the evaporator
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 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:666666.png|600x600px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:666666.png|500px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 6'''. Variation of outlet temperatures for each pipeline
@@ Line 245: / Line 245: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:777777.png|600x600px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:777777.png|700px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 7'''. Pressure at different hot sea water temperatures
@@ Line 256: / Line 256: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;width:auto;"
 |-style="background:white;"
-|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:888888.png|600x600px]]
+|style="text-align: center;padding:10px;"| [[File:888888.png|500px]]
 |-
 | style="background:#efefef;text-align:left;padding:10px;font-size: 85%;"| '''Figure 8'''. Cumulative water production at different hot seawater temperatures