Olfati et al 2021a - Revision history

M rahimi: M rahimi moved page Review 729268954880 to Olfati et al 2021a

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M rahimi moved page Review 729268954880 to Olfati et al 2021a

Rimni at 11:32, 15 December 2021

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Rimni at 15:18, 14 December 2021

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Rimni at 14:34, 1 February 2021

2021-02-01T14:34:38Z

Rimni at 13:33, 1 February 2021

2021-02-01T13:33:11Z

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 By accepting the matter that the data and useful information on debris management are insufficient, the data obtained in this matter can be a significant source of feedbacks for the estimation of the amount of debris and wastes. All of the experiences that gained can be useful for better preparedness, facilitation of the reconstruction operations, and aid operations with fewer costs during a natural disaster in future. Given to the time required for loading and transportation between the cleared areas and the selected depot sites, each truck would be able to perform 8 services per 24 h to carry 50 m<sup>3</sup> that this should be considered in estimating the required equipment for debris evacuation.
-==Conclusion==
+==Conclusions==
 Wise measures should be taken to reduce the total costs and response time as well as facilitating the debris removal operation and management. For example, the costs of debris removal and evacuation should be estimated beforehand and proper financial methods should be regarded. Before the occurrence of disaster, the volume of debris and the needed machinery for its transport to a proper place must be estimated well. It is very crucial to find suitable locations for disposal of demolitions. Also, it is very essential to force the owners of vulnerable buildings to strengthen the structures of their building before any incidence occurrence. Appropriate measures should be taken for eliminating the hazardous waste after earthquake occurrence. Before any incident estimating the composition of debris can help mangers to come up with the appropriate machinery needs. Municipality of Khorram abad City should come into contract with the owners of heavy machineries well before any incident. The contract may provide some tax decrease to the owners of heavy machineries during the years before earthquake incidence and in turn they help the municipality to transport debris on free charges. This paper discusses fuzziness in disaster debris transport problem. Especially, the transport problem with fuzzy objective and fuzzy limitations is formulated to acknowledge the improvements of practical debris transport policy. The most important discoveries of this paper summarized as follows:

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 {| style="text-align: center; margin:auto;width: 100%;"
 |-
-| style="text-align: center;" | <math> \mu_i (x) =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1 & \hbox{if } B_i x \le d_i\\
+| style="text-align: center;" | <math> \mu_i (x) =\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1 & \hbox{if} \quad B_i x \le d_i\\
--\displaystyle\frac{B_i x - d_i}{p_i} & \hbox{if } d_i \le B_i x \le d_i + p_i\\
+-\displaystyle\frac{B_i x - d_i}{p_i} & \hbox{if} \quad d_i \le B_i x \le d_i + p_i\\
-& \hbox{if } B_i x \ge d_i + p_i\end{array}\right.</math>
+& \hbox{if} \quad B_i x \ge d_i + p_i\end{array}\right.</math>
 |}
 | style="width: 5px;text-align: right;white-space: nowrap;" |(4)

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 A fuzzy debris transport problem for supply and demand formulated fuzzy constraints. A problem-solving algorithm by referring numerical example demonstrates an irrelevant approach. Realistic debris transport planning can be defined by using the recommended method.
-'''Keywords''': Fuzzy transport problem, Debris treatment, earthquake
+'''Keywords''': Fuzzy transport problem, debris treatment, earthquake
 ==1. Introduction==

@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
-===Debris transport model===
+===3.1 Debris transport model===
 Transport efficiency is fundamental for debris processing and its purpose is to minimizing the transport cost for the debris transport site debris. Therefore, through the following equations the transport plan can be formulated.
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 The amount of debris processed per month and the capacity of the processing site was arranged so that by passing 30 months the processing can be completed. Under these limitations, it is decided to use transport plan for decreasing the transport cost.
-===3.1 Determine the amount of debris===
+===3.2 Determine the amount of debris===
 The parameter determinations of the debris processing model are the amount of debris in each area, the capacity of each processing site, and the transport cost. Here, one city with three areas is modeled. Debris disposal processing is expected to usually complete within two years. In this paper, we aimed to calculate the volume of debris in each area per month to meet the deadline and complete the debris processing ([[#tab-1|Table 1]]). This content divided the volume of debris by the number of months to process the debris.

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 The amount of debris processed per month and the capacity of the processing site was arranged so that by passing 30 months the processing can be completed. Under these limitations, it is decided to use transport plan for decreasing the transport cost.
-===Determine the amount of debris===
+===3.1 Determine the amount of debris===
 The parameter determinations of the debris processing model are the amount of debris in each area, the capacity of each processing site, and the transport cost. Here, one city with three areas is modeled. Debris disposal processing is expected to usually complete within two years. In this paper, we aimed to calculate the volume of debris in each area per month to meet the deadline and complete the debris processing ([[#tab-1|Table 1]]). This content divided the volume of debris by the number of months to process the debris.

← Older revision	Revision as of 16:54, 17 December 2021
(No difference)

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 '''Keywords''': Fuzzy transport problem, Debris treatment, earthquake
-==Introduction==
+==1. Introduction==
 Among all the dangerous matters that threaten life of human, in particular cities are threatening by natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and volcanoes. Considering the geophysical and technological situation of Iran and its location that is one of the most earthquake-prone parts of the world, this led to the country's continuing counter with the natural phenomenon of earthquakes. Therefore, it is essential to take measures for obtaining accurate methods and strategies to logically confront such an event and minimize its side effects [1]. At the time of earthquakes occurrence, the demand and need for essential and diverse resources and equipment rises. The most important issue in crisis management is transferring the injured people to a safe place in the shortest possible time [2]. Many elements, such as obtaining accurate information from the scene of the accident, the type and amount of required resources, the preparation of the required resources and finally determining a safe route for transportation can be very effective in this phenomenon [3]. Not paying attention to the critical problems is leading to lack of identification in affected points (nodes) and the proper path between these nodes, not minimizing the relief time that causing problems such as increased accidents for the injured and patients as a result of water shortages, medicine and food and lack of shelter for possible aftershocks. Lack of attention to these issues, increases the number of casualties. A shortage of comprehension of the debris management process often prevent the response and recovery phases of disaster debris. Some of these aspects consist: funding mechanisms, responsible offices, and the role of the residents in debris separation. Crisis management is a term that contains all dimensions of crisis planning and crisis-related planning, such as pre and post-crisis activities and measures that is also handles both the risks and consequences of the crisis [4]. Crisis management is a process that has four-step: risk reduction, preparedness, response, and improvement. Taking strategic measures reduces the risk of disaster and eliminates its effects. Dealing with the earthquake debris is more challenging issues than the earthquake itself. Inaccurate information about the facilities, the potentials of the region, and the composition of the generated debris will causing more problem and delay in providing service, such as public dissatisfaction, and have irreparable environmental, economic and social effects in long term [5]. Although debris management are involve in all related environmental issues, pre-accident planning and preparedness for an earthquake that unfortunately did not received enough attention in Iran [6]. In this regard, planning must consider laws and environmental guidelines, which during the accident facilitate the debris removal [7]. Estimation of the debris caused by an accident is a complicated task because numerous variable points should be taken into consideration and the assessment range can vary from a small amount of debris to thousands of tonnes [8]. Selecting a landfill site for earthquake wastes is also important because if it is not wisely selected beforehand, cleaning of the city’s passages will be delayed during the critical conditions following the accident.
@@ Line 48: / Line 48: @@
 | colspan="1" style="padding:10px;"| '''Figure 1'''. Flowchart of debris disposal treatment
 |}
 ==2. Literature review==

@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 :*In terms of the transport cost, the budget would be regarded. As the constraint of transport cost is entered, the different debris transport patterns are proposed through the algorithm of fuzzy transport problem.
-==ACKNOWLEDGEMENT==
+==Acknowledgement==
 This study was supported by Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran.

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 {| style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #BBB; margin: 1em auto; width: auto;max-width: auto;"
 |-
-|style="padding:10px;"| [[Image:Review_729268954880-image17.png|504px]]
+|style="padding:10px;"| [[File:Review_729268954880_3206_504px-Review_729268954880-image17.png]]
 |- style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"
 | colspan="1" style="padding:10px;"| '''Figure 9'''. Debris evacuation routs in Khorram abad  City