Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 319434625 to Meier et al 2013a

2021-02-16T09:50:18Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 319434625 to Meier et al 2013a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == [1] The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is a frequently used measure for the mean winter conditions in Northern Europe. A positive, high index is assoc..."

2021-02-16T09:50:14Z

Created page with " == Abstract == [1] The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is a frequently used measure for the mean winter conditions in Northern Europe. A positive, high index is assoc..."

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== Abstract ==

[1] The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is a frequently used measure for the mean winter conditions in Northern Europe. A positive, high index is associated with strong westerlies and anomalous warm temperatures. The effects on sea ice conditions in the Baltic Sea are twofold. Warm temperatures prevent sea ice formation. If ice is present nevertheless, the strong winds can promote the formation of ice ridges which hinders ship traffic. We use an ocean-sea ice model to investigate the NAO impact on the ridged ice area fraction in the Baltic during 1962–2007. Our simulations indicate that in the northern Bothnian Bay, a high NAO index is related to an anomalous accumulation of ridges, while in the rest of the Baltic Sea, the relationship is contrary. The NAO explains locally at most only 20–25% of the ridged ice fraction interannual variability which indicates the systems complexity. However, we find high skill with local correlations around 0.8 for annually averaged ridged ice fraction reconstructed from multilinear regression using winter averaged wind extremes, surface air temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST). This suggests that the amount of ridged ice in late winter can be derived from these routinely measured quantities. In large parts of the basin, it is sufficient to use the atmospheric parameters as a predictor, while in the eastern Bothnian Bay and southern Gulf of Finland, the SST is required to reconstruct the bulk of the ridged ice fraction.

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20089]

* [http://oceanrep.geomar.de/20554 http://oceanrep.geomar.de/20554]

* [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jgrc.20089 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/jgrc.20089]

* [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jgrc.20089 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jgrc.20089],
: [http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRC..118..801L/abstract http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRC..118..801L/abstract],
: [http://core.ac.uk/display/11905706 http://core.ac.uk/display/11905706],
: [http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:650410 http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:650410],
: [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgrc.20089/abstract http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jgrc.20089/abstract],
: [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jgrc.20089 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jgrc.20089],
: [http://oceanrep.geomar.de/20554 http://oceanrep.geomar.de/20554],
: [http://eprints.uni-kiel.de/20554 http://eprints.uni-kiel.de/20554],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/1884458768 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/1884458768]

* [https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjgrc.20089 https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjgrc.20089],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20089 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20089] under the license http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 319434625 to Meier et al 2013a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == [1] The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index is a frequently used measure for the mean winter conditions in Northern Europe. A positive, high index is assoc..."