Martin et al 2022a - Revision history

Materiales.Compuestos at 17:16, 3 November 2022

2022-11-03T17:16:53Z

Materiales.Compuestos at 17:15, 3 November 2022

2022-11-03T17:15:44Z

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Materiales.Compuestos: Materiales.Compuestos moved page Review 119872440071 to Martin et al 2022a

2022-05-07T13:11:25Z

Materiales.Compuestos moved page Review 119872440071 to Martin et al 2022a

Materiales.Compuestos: Materiales.Compuestos moved page Draft Compuestos 369248130 to Review 119872440071

2022-05-07T13:11:03Z

Materiales.Compuestos moved page Draft Compuestos 369248130 to Review 119872440071

Materiales.Compuestos at 13:10, 7 May 2022

2022-05-07T13:10:23Z

Materiales.Compuestos at 13:08, 7 May 2022

2022-05-07T13:08:37Z

Materiales.Compuestos at 13:04, 7 May 2022

2022-05-07T13:04:45Z

Materiales.Compuestos: Created page with "
T. Blanco^a, Z. Martin^a, A. Butragueno^a, J. Sánchez^{a
2022-05-07T12:52:22Z
Created page with " <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> T. Blancoa, Z. Martina, A. Butraguenoa, J. Sáncheza</..."
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 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 2.''' Graphene based Ice Protection System (IPS) approach.</span></div>
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 ==='''2.2''' Graphene serpentine===
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 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 6.''' Test 1 – Room Temperature – Panel with bonded graphene serpentine – Temperature vs. time at different voltages.</span></div>
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 The surface temperature of the composite panel can be increased by increasing the voltage applied. The goal of this preliminary test was to measure the time needed to increase the temperature (up to 120ºC) and observe the heating behaviour on composite surface from room temperature when increasing the voltage. As shown in Figure 6 and Table 2, for all the voltages applied (25V, 50V, 60V and 65V), it was possible to quickly increase the temperature reaching 40ºC in few seconds, except for 25V (in few minutes), and 100ºC in few minutes (1,35 minutes in case of 65V), except for 25V (only 45ºC were achieved in this test).
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 <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">[[File:Draft_Compuestos_369248130-chart1.svg|centre|600x600px]]<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 10.''' Test 2 – Climatic chamber (-21ºC) – Panel with bonded graphene serpentine and 3mm ice layer on surface.</span></div>
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 ==4 Value and risk analysis==
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 Additionally, a preliminary business case was performed in order to evaluate implementation of graphene based IPS in Horizontal Tail Plane (HTP), which is not de-iced today. However, HTP aerodynamics and design are affected by ice accretion on the leading edge. Aerodynamic studies show that a de-iced HTP on a Single Aisle Aircraft model can allow part size reduction of 6-10%. Taking this key factor into consideration a rough estimation of savings was performed and can be seen in Table 4.
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 Then, graphene IPS can allow HTP weight, cost and drag saving, in line with key drivers for greener aeronautical structure. However, there are also associated risks still to be overcome: interface of the graphene IPS with the on-board power and control network, robust electrical wiring and connections, repairability demonstration and long-term reliability, supply for high rate production, and, last but not least, the demonstration of end-to-end Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) aspect of the solution.

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+<span id="_GoBack"></span>
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-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-T. Blanco<sup>a</sup>, Z. Martin<sup>a</sup>, A. Butragueno<sup>a</sup>, J. Sánchez<sup>a</sup>, P.Vázquez<sup>a</sup>, A. Scidà<sup>b</sup>, E. Treossi<sup>b</sup>, V. Palermo<sup>b</sup>, F. Valorosi<sup>b</sup> </div>
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-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"><sup>a</sup>Airbus Operations, S.L., Getafe, 28906, Spain</span></div>
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-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"><sup>b</sup>CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bologna, 40129, Italy</span></div>
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-{| style="width: 87%;border-collapse: collapse;"
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-|  colspan='2'  style="vertical-align: top;"|<big>Grafeno para Anti-hielo</big>
-|-
-|  style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"> [[Image:Draft_Compuestos_369248130-image1.png|54px]] </span>
-|  style="vertical-align: top;"|
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-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Historia del artículo:</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Recibido 27 de Mayo 2019</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">En la versión revisada 15 de Junio 2019</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Aceptado 5 de Julio 2019</span>
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-<span id='_GoBack'></span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Accesible online 15 de octubre 2019</span>
-|  rowspan='4' style="vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">El sector aeronáutico, al igual que muchos otros, se está tratando de beneficiar de las propiedades excepcionales del grafeno (baja densidad, propiedades únicas eléctricas, térmicas, ópticas, mecánicas…). De hecho la mejora de la estructura aeronáutica mediante el uso de materiales grafénicos forma parte del mayor proyecto de investigación europeo, Graphene Flagship, que está tratando de llevar el grafeno del laboratorio a la sociedad. Así, </span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">en este contexto, Airbus ha seleccionado una primera aplicación del grafeno en estructuras aeronáuticas de material compuesto con gran potencial: sistema de des- / anti-hielo.</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">El concepto de grafeno estudiado para la aplicación de des- o anti-hielo de estructuras aeronáuticas es un sistema electro-térmico, en el que se genera calor mediante la aplicación de un voltaje eléctrico por efecto Joule. El trabajo clave desempeñado en este estudio se ha centrado en los siguientes aspectos: identificación de casos de uso y requerimientos, selección de material basado en grafeno, conceptos de integración en polímeros </span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">reforzados con fibra de carbono (CFRP), demonstración o prueba de concepto mediante ensayos de fabricabilidad y funcionalidad y, finalmente, evaluación preliminar de valor añadido y riesgos asociados a la solución.</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">A partir del trabajo realizado, se puede concluir que el potencial del sistema electro-térmico basado en grafeno para función de anti-hielo de componentes aeronáuticos de material compuesto se ha probado y demostrado preliminarmente. Sin embargo, todavía queda un largo camino para aumentar la madurez, escalar el concepto, demonstrar los ahorros y beneficios frente a otras soluciones, así como superar los riesgos identificados.</span>
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-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Palabras clave:</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Graphene</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Des-hielo</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Anti-hielo</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">CFRP</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Aeronáutica</span>
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-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|
-|-
-|  colspan='2'  style="vertical-align: top;"|<big>Graphene for Anti-icing</big>
-|-
-|  style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"> [[Image:Draft_Compuestos_369248130-image2.png|54px]] </span>
-|  style="vertical-align: top;"|
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-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Keywords:</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Graphene</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">De-icing</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Anti-icing</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">CFRP</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Aeronautics</span>
-|  rowspan='2' style="vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Aeronautical sector, like many others, is trying to benefit from exceptional properties of graphene as soon as possible (low density, unique electrical, thermal, optical, mechanical properties…). In fact composite airframe enhancement by graphene related materials is part of the biggest European research project, the Graphene Flagship, which is trying to bring graphene from lab to society. Then, within this context, a first high potential application </span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">of graphene in aeronautical composite structure has been selected by Airbus: de- / anti-icing system.</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">The graphene concept studied for anti-icing application is an electro-thermal system, where heat is generated by applying electrical voltage by Joule effect. Key work performed in this study was focused on following aspects: identification of use cases and requirements, selection of graphene based related material, integration concepts within carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), demonstration or proof of concept through manufacturing and</span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">functionality tests, and, finally, preliminary value and risk assessment of solution.</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">As per work performed, it can be concluded that the potential of proposed innovative graphene based electro-thermal system for composite aeronautical part anti-icing function has been preliminary proven and demonstrated. However, there is still a long way to increase the maturity, scale-up the concept, demonstrate cost saving and benefits versus other solutions, as well as to overcome the identified risks.</span>
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-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|
-|}
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 ==1 Introduction ==

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 * '''Weeping wing: '''chemicals
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