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		<title>Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 394601010 to Marcos et al 2021a</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Scipediacontent moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Content_394601010&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Content 394601010&quot;&gt;Draft Content 394601010&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Marcos_et_al_2021a&quot; title=&quot;Marcos et al 2021a&quot;&gt;Marcos et al 2021a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:22, 30 November 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Marcos_et_al_2021a&amp;diff=232902&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Created page with &quot;== Abstract ==  Reinforced  concrete  was  introduced  by  patented  systems  into  Spain  towards  the end  of  the  19th  c.  Early  patents  were  effectively  foreign  tra...&quot;</title>
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				<updated>2021-11-30T13:22:09Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;== Abstract ==  Reinforced  concrete  was  introduced  by  patented  systems  into  Spain  towards  the end  of  the  19th  c.  Early  patents  were  effectively  foreign  tra...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Abstract ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reinforced  concrete  was  introduced  by  patented  systems  into  Spain  towards  the end  of  the  19th  c.  Early  patents  were  effectively  foreign  trademarks,  although  Spanish engineers, architects and industrialists soon developed their own RC systems. Local builders would build structures with scarce little regard for calculated design and construction in the first decade of the 20th century. Nevertheless, as further knowledge was required, increasing research  led  to  new  RC  standards  in  numerous  countries,  such  as  France  and  Germany.  In the second decade of the 20th century, the use of patent systems declined. The teaching of RC started  at  the  Spanish  Civil  Faculty  where  systems  of  scientific  calculation  were  rapidly adopted,  although  no  Spanish  RC  standard  was  drafted,  unlike  the  situation  in  the  leading European countries of that time. Hence, the RC structures that proliferated across Spain were mainly based on French or German standards. Spanish industrial activity began to develop in northern  areas  of  the  country  where  the  use  of  new  materials  was  pioneered  over  the following  decades.  Nowadays,  some  of  those  structures  are  listed  heritage  buildings.  In  this paper, some common features of 15 RC structures built between 1915 and 1936 are discussed,  by  focusing  on  their  conservation  problems.  Preliminary  structural  reports  from engineers, architects, municipal councils and, in some cases, the owners of the buildings are compiled with information on the pathologies affecting the buildings and analyses of structural  morphologies,  and  steel  and  concrete  strengths.  The  results  of  those  studies  are analysed,  by  connecting  construction  features  with  structural  conditions,  in  order  to  gain  a deeper understanding of their main characteristics and similarities. The findings will contribute  to  knowledge  of  heritage  buildings,  identifying  key  strategies  for  application  in future rehabilitation works.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Full document ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pdf&amp;gt;Media:Draft_Content_394601010p515.pdf&amp;lt;/pdf&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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[2] Coignet,  F.  Bétons  agglomérés  appliqués  à  l'art  de  construire.  G.  Jousset,  Clet  y  Cia, (1861).  &lt;br /&gt;
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[3] Hyatt,  T.  Improvement  in  composition  roof,  floors,  pavements  &amp;amp;amp;c.  US  patent  206112,  July 16, (1878).  &lt;br /&gt;
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[7] Marsh, C. F. Reinforced Concrete. D Van Nostrad Company, (1904).  &lt;br /&gt;
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[8] Marcos  I.,  San-José  J-T.,  Garmendia  L.,  Santamaría  A.  and  Manso  J.M.  Central  lessons from the historical analysis of 24 reinforced-concrete structures in northern Spain. J. Cult. Herit. (2016) 20: 649–659.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[9] Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España, Plan Nacional de Conservación del  Patrimonio del siglo XX. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, (2015).  &lt;br /&gt;
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[16] Marcos I. San José J.T. Cuadrado J. and Larrinaga P. Las patentes en la introducción del  hormigón armado en España: caso de estudio de la Alhóndiga de Bilbao. Inf La  Construcción (2014) 66:024.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[17] Grima R. Aguado A. and Gómez J. Gaudí and Reinforced Concrete in Construction. Int J  Archit Herit (2013) 7:375–402.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[18] Marcos  I.  San-José  J.T.  Santamaría  A.  and  Garmendia  L.  Early  Concrete  Structures: Patented Systems and Construction Features. Int J Archit Herit (2018) 12:310–9.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[19] Rosell  J.  and  Cárcamo  J.  Los  orígenes  del  hormigón  armado  y  su  introducción  en  Bizkaia. La fábrica Ceres de Bilbao. Bilbao: Colegio Oficial de Aparejadores y A. T. de  Vizcaya, (1994)  &lt;br /&gt;
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[20] Onton H. Estimation of residual carrying capacity and restoration of the historic  reinforced concrete shells and frames erected in Estonia, WIT Transactions on The Built  Environment (2007) 407-417.   &lt;br /&gt;
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[21] Courard L. Gillard A. Darimont A. Bleus J.M.M. and Paquet P. Pathologies of concrete  in  Saint-Vincent  Neo-Byzantine  Church  and  Pauchot  reinforced  artificial  stone.  Constr  Build Mater (2012) 34:201–10.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[22] Choi  W-C.  Picornell  M.  and  Hamoush  S.  Performance  of  90-year-old  concrete  in  a  historical structure. Constr Build Mater (2016) 105:595–602.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[23] Blanco  A.  Segura  I.  Cavalaro  S.H.P.  Chinchón-Payá  S.  and  Aguado  A.  Sand-Cement Concrete in the Century-Old Camarasa Dam. J Perform Constr Facil (2016)  30:04015083.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[24] Picó  Silvestre  J.F.  Arquitectura  e  ingeniería  en  Alcoy.  90  años  del  puente  de  San  Jorge. Inf La Construcción (2017) 69:186.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[25] Damas L. Sagarna M. Uriarte J.A., Aranburu A. Zabaleta A. García-García F.  Antigüedad  A.  and  Morales  T.  Understanding  the  pioneering  techniques  in  reinforced  concrete: the case of Punta Begoña Galleries, Getxo, Spain. Build Res Inf (2019) 0:1–17.  &lt;br /&gt;
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[26] Garmendia  L.  Marcos  I.  Lasarte  N.  and  Briz  E.  Damage  assessment  and  conservation strategy for the largest covered market in Europe: the Ribera Market (Bilbao). Int J Archit&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

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