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		<title>M.L. Petrou 2021a - Revision history</title>
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		<title>Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 882619926 to M.L. Petrou 2021a</title>
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				<updated>2021-11-30T11:50:58Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Scipediacontent moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Content_882619926&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Content 882619926&quot;&gt;Draft Content 882619926&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/M.L._Petrou_2021a&quot; title=&quot;M.L. Petrou 2021a&quot;&gt;M.L. Petrou 2021a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:50, 30 November 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=M.L._Petrou_2021a&amp;diff=232622&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Created page with &quot;== Abstract ==  This paper aims to present the historical construction technology of churches’ bell  towers in Cyprus, starting with the initiation of their use and addressi...&quot;</title>
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				<updated>2021-11-30T11:50:55Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;== Abstract ==  This paper aims to present the historical construction technology of churches’ bell  towers in Cyprus, starting with the initiation of their use and addressi...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Abstract ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This paper aims to present the historical construction technology of churches’ bell &lt;br /&gt;
towers in Cyprus, starting with the initiation of their use and addressing  the development of &lt;br /&gt;
their distinctive morphology adapting and mixing various architectural styles. Traditional bell &lt;br /&gt;
towers are tall and slender unreinforced masonry structures that are known to be particularly &lt;br /&gt;
vulnerable  to  earthquake  actions  encountered  in  seismogenic  regions,  such  as  Cyprus. &lt;br /&gt;
Therefore,  iron  and  wood  elements  with  high  tensile  capacities  were  commonly  utilized  in &lt;br /&gt;
Cypriot bell towers in the form of ties. In particular, the bell tower of Saint John’s church in &lt;br /&gt;
Psevdas village was constructed using such technology and is an example case studied in more &lt;br /&gt;
detail in the present work. This tower suffered a partial collapse during an earthquake on May &lt;br /&gt;
12th, 2016 and underwent restoration within the next year. Based on the knowledge gathered &lt;br /&gt;
from the case of the damaged tower and the visual inspection of other bell towers in Cyprus, &lt;br /&gt;
the use of timber and iron ties in these masonry structures is deemed to be essential for their &lt;br /&gt;
protection from seismic actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Full document ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pdf&amp;gt;Media:Draft_Content_882619926p786.pdf&amp;lt;/pdf&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Damages on church due to earthquake in Larnaca (in Greek). Kathimerini, (2016).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2] Kallinikou,  C.  The  Christian  temple  and  its  rituals  (in  Greek).  Grigoris  Publications,  (1969).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3] Gatty, A. The Bell: Its Origin, History, and Uses. George Bell, 186, Fleet Street, (1848).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4] Williams,  E.V.  The  Bells  of  Russia:  History  and  Technology.  New  Jersey:  Princeton University Press, (1985).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5] Kokkinoftas,  C.  The  raise  of  bells  on  churhces  in  Cyprus  during  the  Ottoman  period (1571-1878) (in Greek). Church of Cyprus, (2018). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] Myriantheus, D. The church of Panagia Phaneromeni, Nisocia. In: The Lady of Nicosia,  Phaneromeni and the relics (in Greek), Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation (2012), pp.  15-25.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[7] Emilianides,  A.  Religion  and  the  state  in  dialogue:  Cyprus.  In:  Religion  and  Law  in  Dialogue: Covenantal and Non-Covenantal Cooperation between State and Religion in  Europe (2006), pp. 19-32.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[8] Kiessel,  M.  and  Tozan,  A.  Orthodox  Church  Architecture  in  the  Northern  Districts  of Cyprus from the mid-19th Century to 1974. Prostor, (2014).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[9] Myriantheus, D. Ecclesiastical Architecture (13th-20th century) (in Greek). In: The Holy  Bishopric of Morphou. 2000 years of Art and Holiness (2000).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[10] Michaelides, S.G. Saint Lazarus – The history of the church in Larnaca” (in Greek). Holy  Church of Saint Lazarus. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[11] Lewis, M.J. The Gothic Revival. Thames &amp;amp;amp; Hydson, (2002).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[12] Baruffi,  F.,  Boucher,  J.,  Coryea,  M.  and  Spector,  D.  VENICE  BELLS  AND  BELL  TOWERS A Striking Source of Knowledge. (2012).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[13] Constantinides,  E.  Monumental  Painting  in  Cyprus  during  the  Venetian  Period,  1489-1571.  In:  C.  Ševèenko  et  al.  (Eds):  Medieval  Cyprus.  Studies  in  Art,  Architecture,  and History in memory of Doula Mouriki, Princeton University Press (1999), pp. 263-300.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[14] J+A  Filippou,  Vitti,  P.  and  De  Vito,  S.  Church  of  Panagia  Faneromeni,  Nicosia:  Architectural Interventions Report. (2016).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[15] Committee of the church of Panagia Phaneromeni. Holy Church of Panagia Phaneromeni  (Nicosia): Official Memorial of the Archibishop Cyprianos and the Ethnomartyrs of 9th  July 1821 (in Greek). Church of Cyprus, (2017). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[16] Seismicity  (in  Greek).  Cyprus  Geological  Survey  Department.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[17] Strong Earthquake. Damages in Limassol (in Greek). Cypriot, (1906).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[18] Earthquakes (in Greek). Cyprus Geological Survey Department. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[19] Petrou,  M.  and  Charmpis,  D.C.  Iron  Ties  Originally  Anchored  into  Masonry  as  a  Historical Construction Technology – Case Study: A Church in Cyprus. In: R. Aguilar et  al. (Eds): Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, RILEM Bookseries 18 (2019),  pp. 153-161.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[20] Papageorgiou,  A.  and  Committee  of  the  Saint  John’s  Cathedral.  The  Saint  John's  Cathedral. Church of Cyprus, (2019). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[21] Sorrentino,  L.,  Liberatore,  L.,  Decanini,  L.D.  and  Liberatore,  D.  The  performance  of churches in the 2012 Emilia earthquakes. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 12 (2014),  pp. 2299-2331.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[22] Kouris, E.G. and Kouris, L.A. Investigation of the Influence of Tie-Rods on the Seismic  Behaviour of Slender Towers. In: International Conference on Computational Structures  Technology 12 (2018).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[23] Roca,  P.,  Lourenco,  P.B.  and  Gaetani,  A.  Historic  Construction  and  Conservation.  Materials, System and Damage. Taylor and Francis Group, (2019).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[24] Significant Earthquakes (in Greek). Cyprus Geological Survey Department.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

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