Tomamil: Tomamil moved page Review 759500237461 to Lin et al 2023b

2023-05-27T23:11:05Z

Tomamil moved page Review 759500237461 to Lin et al 2023b

Tomamil at 23:09, 27 May 2023

2023-05-27T23:09:08Z

JunLin: JunLin moved page Draft Lin 863980218 to Review 759500237461

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JunLin moved page Draft Lin 863980218 to Review 759500237461

JunLin at 21:30, 27 May 2023

2023-05-27T21:30:46Z

JunLin: Created page with " ==Abstract== The effect of..."

2023-05-27T21:29:13Z

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 ==<br/>References==
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+Altun, Z.F. and Hall, D.H. (2009). Introduction. In WormAtlas. DOI: 10.3908/wormatlas.1.1
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+Anjaneyulu, J., R, V., & Godbole, A. (2020). Differential effect of Ayurvedic nootropics on C. elegans models of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine, 11(4), 440–447. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.07.006
 Apfeld, J., & Alper, S. (2018). What can we learn about human disease from the nematode C. elegans? Disease Gene Identification, 53-75. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7471-9_4
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+Di Rosa, G., Brunetti, G., Scuto, M., Trovato Salinaro, A., Calabrese, E. J., Crea, R., ... & Saul, N. (2020). Healthspan enhancement by olive polyphenols in C. elegans wild type and Parkinson’s models. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(11), 3893. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113893
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+Dias, V., Junn, E., & Mouradian, M. M. (2013). The role of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Parkinson's disease, 3(4), 461-491. DOI: 10.3233/JPD-130230
-Filograna, R., Beltramini, M., Bubacco, L., & Bisaglia, M. (2016). Anti-oxidants in Parkinson’s disease therapy: a critical point of view. Current Neuropharmacology, 14(3), 260-271. DOI:10.2174/1570159X13666151030102718
+Filograna, R., Beltramini, M., Bubacco, L., & Bisaglia, M. (2016). Anti-oxidants in Parkinson’s disease therapy: a critical point of view. Current Neuropharmacology, 14(3), 260-271. DOI: 10.2174/1570159X13666151030102718
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+Ghosh, N., Ghosh, R., & Mandal, S. C. (2011). Antioxidant protection: A promising therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative disease. ''Free Radical Research'', ''45''(8), 888–905. DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.574290
-Guo, J. D., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Li, G. R., & Liu, X. L. (2018). Damage to dopaminergic neurons by oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. International journal of molecular medicine, 41(4), 1817-1825. DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3406
+Guo, J. D., Zhao, X., Li, Y., Li, G. R., & Liu, X. L. (2018). Damage to dopaminergic neurons by oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. International journal of molecular medicine, 41(4), 1817-1825. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3406
-Huang, W. M., Liang, Y. Q., Tang, L. J., Ding, Y. U. E., & Wang, X. H. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on EA. hy926 cells. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 6(1), 199-203. [https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1074 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1074]
+Huang, W. M., Liang, Y. Q., Tang, L. J., Ding, Y. U. E., & Wang, X. H. (2013). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus polysaccharide on EA. hy926 cells. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 6(1), 199-203. DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1074
-Johnson, W. M., Wilson-Delfosse, A. L., & Mieyal, J. J. (2012). Dysregulation of glutathione homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrients, 4(10), 1399-1440. <br/>DOI: 10.3390/nu4101399.
+Johnson, W. M., Wilson-Delfosse, A. L., & Mieyal, J. J. (2012). Dysregulation of glutathione homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrients, 4(10), 1399-1440. DOI: 10.3390/nu4101399
 LeWitt, P. A. (2008). Levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 359(23), 2468-2476. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMct0800326
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-Sekeroglu, N., & Gezici, S. (2019). Astragalus neurocarpus Bioss. as a potential source of natural enzyme inhibitor associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with its rich polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. Annals of Phytomedicine, 8(1), 82-87. DOI:10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.9
+Sekeroglu, N., & Gezici, S. (2019). Astragalus neurocarpus Bioss. as a potential source of natural enzyme inhibitor associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson diseases along with its rich polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities. Annals of Phytomedicine, 8(1), 82-87. DOI: 10.21276/ap.2019.8.1.9
 Scheider, W. L., Hershey, L. A., Vena, J. E., Holmlund, T., Marshall, J. R., & Freudenheim, J. L. (1997). Dietary antioxidants and other dietary factors in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Movement disorders, 12(2), 190-196. DOI: 10.1002/mds.870120209
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 Singh, N., Pillay, V., & Choonara, Y. E. (2007). Advances in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Progress in neurobiology, 81(1), 29-44. DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.11.009
-Statistics. Parkinson's Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from [https://www.parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons/Statistics https://www.parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons/Statistics]
+Statistics. Parkinson's Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved January 27, 2022, from [https://www.parkinson.org/Understanding-Parkinsons/Statistics CrossRef]
-Stiernagle, T. Maintenance of C. elegans (February 11, 2006), WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.101.1, [http://www.wormbook.org http://www.wormbook.org].
+Stiernagle, T. Maintenance of C. elegans (February 11, 2006), WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community, WormBook, DOI: 10.1895/wormbook.1.101.1, [http://www.wormbook.org CrossRef].
 Tohda, C., Tamura, T., Matsuyama, S., & Komatsu, K. (2006). Promotion of axonal maturation and prevention of memory loss in mice by extracts of Astragalus mongholicus. British journal of pharmacology, 149(5), 532-541. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706865
-U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). ''Parkinson's disease''. National Institute on Aging. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from [https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease#:~:text=Parkinson's%20disease%20is%20a%20brain,have%20difficulty%20walking%20and%20talking]
+U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). ''Parkinson's disease''. National Institute on Aging. Retrieved January 27, 2022, from [https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/parkinsons-disease CrossRef]
 Yu, J., Ji, H. Y., & Liu, A. J. (2018). Alcohol-soluble polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus: Preparation, characteristics, and antitumor activity. International journal of biological macromolecules, 118, 2057-2064. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.073
-Zhang, B., Xiao, R., Ronan, E. A., He, Y., Hsu, A. L., Liu, J., & Xu, X. S. (2015). Environmental temperature differentially modulates C. elegans longevity through a thermosensitive TRP channel. Cell reports, 11(9), 1414-1424. <br/>DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.066
+Zhang, B., Xiao, R., Ronan, E. A., He, Y., Hsu, A. L., Liu, J., & Xu, X. S. (2015). Environmental temperature differentially modulates C. elegans longevity through a thermosensitive TRP channel. Cell reports, 11(9), 1414-1424. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.066
-Zheng, Y., Ren, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Liu, Y. (2020). A review of the pharmacological action of Astragalus polysaccharide. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 349. [https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00349 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00349]
+Zheng, Y., Ren, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, D., & Liu, Y. (2020). A review of the pharmacological action of Astragalus polysaccharide. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11, 349. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00349

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 ==Abstract==
-The effect of Astragalus membranaceus on Caenorhabditis elegans was assessed in this experiment. Parkinson’s Disease directly causes dopamine depletion and other related symptoms. Astragalus contains complex carbohydrates linked to dopamine neuron protection, which could be used to treat Parkinson’s. In this experiment, C.elegans inflicted with Parkinson’s were treated with different concentrations of Astragalus. C.elegans are free-living nematodes that can be genetically engineered to model or stimulate various diseases caused by genetics, Parkinson’s being one of them. The concentrations of astragalus solution were 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL, which were added to the agar that the C.elegans inhabited. Mechanosensory tests included tap reflex and gentle and harsh touch assessment. M9 Buffer was used to inhibit the egg-laying behaviors of C.elegans, and the thrashing rate was assessed for each group. The results indicate that 4 mg/mL is the optimal concentration to treat disease-inflicted C.elegans and had the best results out of the 3 trials. The 4 mg/mL group constantly had the highest tap reflex, gentle, and harsh touch scores that were similar or greater than the wild-type control group. Additionally, the 2 mg/mL also had high scores in trials 2 and 3 in both the gentle and harsh touch assessments. No definite conclusions can be determined from thrashing rate data. The results imply that lower and intermediate concentrations of Astragalus may treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease.
+The effect of ''Astragalus membranaceus'' on ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' was assessed in this experiment. Parkinson’s Disease directly causes dopamine depletion and other related symptoms. Astragalus contains complex carbohydrates linked to dopamine neuron protection, which could be used to treat Parkinson’s. In this experiment, ''C.elegans'' inflicted with Parkinson’s were treated with different concentrations of astragalus. ''C.elegans'' are free-living nematodes that can be genetically engineered to model or stimulate various diseases caused by genetics, Parkinson’s being one of them. The concentrations of astragalus solution were 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 8 mg/mL, which were added to the agar that the ''C.elegans'' inhabited. Mechanosensory tests included tap reflex and gentle and harsh touch assessment. M9 Buffer was used to inhibit the egg-laying behaviors of ''C.elegans'', and the thrashing rate was assessed for each group. The results indicate that 4 mg/mL is the optimal concentration to treat disease-inflicted ''C.elegans'' and had the best results out of the 3 trials. The 4 mg/mL group constantly had the highest tap reflex, gentle, and harsh touch scores that were similar or greater than the wild-type control group. Additionally, the 2 mg/mL also had high scores in trials 2 and 3 in both the gentle and harsh touch assessments. No definite conclusions can be determined from thrashing rate data. The results imply that lower and intermediate concentrations of Astragalus may treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease.
 ==Introduction==

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Lin et al 2023b - Revision history

Tomamil: Tomamil moved page Review 759500237461 to Lin et al 2023b

Tomamil at 23:09, 27 May 2023

JunLin: JunLin moved page Draft Lin 863980218 to Review 759500237461

JunLin at 21:30, 27 May 2023

JunLin: Created page with " ==Abstract== The effect of..."