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		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Liefferink_2014a</id>
		<title>Liefferink 2014a - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-05-10T00:04:19Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Liefferink_2014a&amp;diff=198967&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 932822101 to Liefferink 2014a</title>
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				<updated>2021-02-01T22:37:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Scipediacontent moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Content_932822101&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Content 932822101&quot;&gt;Draft Content 932822101&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Liefferink_2014a&quot; title=&quot;Liefferink 2014a&quot;&gt;Liefferink 2014a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 22:37, 1 February 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Liefferink_2014a&amp;diff=198966&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Created page with &quot; == Abstract ==  This version of the thesis only covers the literature study. The results analysis and conclusion of the thesis are confidential. Pipelines in arctic waters ar...&quot;</title>
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				<updated>2021-02-01T22:37:20Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot; == Abstract ==  This version of the thesis only covers the literature study. The results analysis and conclusion of the thesis are confidential. Pipelines in arctic waters ar...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Abstract ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This version of the thesis only covers the literature study. The results analysis and conclusion of the thesis are confidential. Pipelines in arctic waters are at risk of being damaged by gouging ice masses. To protect these pipelines, they can be buried in trenches. When trenching in arctic clayey soil, sub sea permafrost can be encountered. The main objective of this research is to study the failure mechanism of frozen clay as encountered in permafrost regions. Knowledge of the cutting mechanism leads to the ability to calculate cutting forces and the specific energy required to excavate material. To find the failure mechanism and answer the research question, a cutting setup was designed and built and cutting experiments were conducted. The setup was designed, based on requirements that result from studied literature on frozen clay and cutting theories. A series of cutting experiments were conducted where a slab of frozen clay was pressed against a transparent wall and the top layer was cut off while filming the process with a high speed camera. The results are measurements of the cutting forces and observations of the failure mechanism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Original document ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The different versions of the original document can be found in:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25337-ms http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25337-ms]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6b5b/2fad7a804907bb6c5d6f3d7c967098dc828f.pdf http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6b5b/2fad7a804907bb6c5d6f3d7c967098dc828f.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-25337-MS https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OTC-25337-MS],&lt;br /&gt;
: [https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A5454107a-209d-4219-8a9c-6641baa99bd2 https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A5454107a-209d-4219-8a9c-6641baa99bd2],&lt;br /&gt;
: [https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A5454107a-209d-4219-8a9c-6641baa99bd2/datastream/OBJ/download https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A5454107a-209d-4219-8a9c-6641baa99bd2/datastream/OBJ/download],&lt;br /&gt;
: [https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sape_Miedema/publication/266661959_Failure_Mechanism_of_Cutting_Submerged_Frozen_Clay_in_an_Arctic_Trenching_Process/links/54a12ff30cf257a6360237fd.pdf https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sape_Miedema/publication/266661959_Failure_Mechanism_of_Cutting_Submerged_Frozen_Clay_in_an_Arctic_Trenching_Process/links/54a12ff30cf257a6360237fd.pdf],&lt;br /&gt;
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2092478872 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2092478872]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

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