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		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Kuwashiro%2A_et_al_2024a</id>
		<title>Kuwashiro* et al 2024a - Revision history</title>
		<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Kuwashiro%2A_et_al_2024a"/>
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		<updated>2026-05-08T00:44:31Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302782&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez: JSanchez moved page Draft Sanchez Pinedo 246589403 to Kuwashiro* et al 2024a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302782&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-10T10:29:25Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JSanchez moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Sanchez_Pinedo_246589403&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Sanchez Pinedo 246589403&quot;&gt;Draft Sanchez Pinedo 246589403&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&quot; title=&quot;Kuwashiro* et al 2024a&quot;&gt;Kuwashiro* et al 2024a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:29, 10 June 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302781&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez at 10:29, 10 June 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302781&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-10T10:29:18Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:29, 10 June 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot; &gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ground loosening and subsurface cavities potentially cause ground cave-ins, even if they are deep in the ground. Loosened soil and cavities, for example, formed by shield tunnel excavation or breakage of underground pipes occur frequently. Recently, ground-penetrating radar method has been utilized to detect subsurface cavities, and studies such as dynamic wave surveys have been considered. However, these methods assume that cavities several meters deep can be detected by surface-based surveys, and do not target loosened soil directly above a deep tunnel. This contribution is a fundamental study aimed at detecting loosening depth in the ground, with the goal of measuring dynamic waves from the inside of a tunnel. To understand wave propagation and particle-scale response around loosened sandy soil, this study adopts the discrete element method (DEM) using cohesionless spherical particles. A series of DEM simulations are performed to understand how dynamic waves propagate or reflect around loosened sandy soil in comparison with dense ground without loosening.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Ground loosening and subsurface cavities potentially cause ground cave-ins, even if they are deep in the ground. Loosened soil and cavities, for example, formed by shield tunnel excavation or breakage of underground pipes occur frequently. Recently, ground-penetrating radar method has been utilized to detect subsurface cavities, and studies such as dynamic wave surveys have been considered. However, these methods assume that cavities several meters deep can be detected by surface-based surveys, and do not target loosened soil directly above a deep tunnel. This contribution is a fundamental study aimed at detecting loosening depth in the ground, with the goal of measuring dynamic waves from the inside of a tunnel. To understand wave propagation and particle-scale response around loosened sandy soil, this study adopts the discrete element method (DEM) using cohesionless spherical particles. A series of DEM simulations are performed to understand how dynamic waves propagate or reflect around loosened sandy soil in comparison with dense ground without loosening.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Full Paper ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;pdf&amp;gt;Media:Draft_Sanchez Pinedo_246589403300.pdf&amp;lt;/pdf&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key mw_drafts_scipedia-sc_mwd_:diff:version:1.11a:oldid:302779:newid:302781 --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302779&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez at 10:29, 10 June 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302779&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-10T10:29:16Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:29, 10 June 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ground loosening and subsurface cavities potentially cause ground cave-ins, even if they are deep in the ground. Loosened soil and cavities, for example, formed by shield tunnel excavation or breakage of underground pipes occur frequently. Recently, ground-penetrating radar method has been utilized to detect subsurface cavities, and studies such as dynamic wave surveys have been considered. However, these methods assume that cavities several meters deep can be detected by surface-based surveys, and do not target loosened soil directly above a deep tunnel. This contribution is a fundamental study aimed at detecting loosening depth in the ground, with the goal of measuring dynamic waves from the inside of a tunnel. To understand wave propagation and particle-scale response around loosened sandy soil, this study adopts the discrete element method (DEM) using cohesionless spherical particles. A series of DEM simulations are performed to understand how dynamic waves propagate or reflect around loosened sandy soil in comparison with dense ground without loosening.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302778&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez: Created blank page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Kuwashiro*_et_al_2024a&amp;diff=302778&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-10T10:29:14Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created blank page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

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