Krstic et al 2021a - Revision history

Rimni at 14:46, 14 December 2021

2021-12-14T14:46:51Z

Rimni at 14:45, 14 December 2021

2021-12-14T14:45:31Z

Move page script: Move page script moved page Review 958947347244 to Krstic et al 2021a

2021-09-06T13:46:37Z

Move page script moved page Review 958947347244 to Krstic et al 2021a

Rimni at 10:58, 6 September 2021

2021-09-06T10:58:00Z

Rimni at 10:57, 6 September 2021

2021-09-06T10:57:24Z

Rimni at 10:56, 6 September 2021

2021-09-06T10:56:11Z

Rimni at 10:55, 6 September 2021

2021-09-06T10:55:30Z

Rimni: /* 3.2. Optimisation of multiple characteristics */

2021-09-03T11:12:02Z

‎3.2. Optimisation of multiple characteristics

Rimni at 11:10, 3 September 2021

2021-09-03T11:10:44Z

Rimni: /* References */

2021-09-03T10:59:35Z

‎References

@@ Line 398: / Line 398: @@
 ==3. Results and discussion==
-===3.1. Optimisation of individual characteristics===
+===3.1 Optimisation of individual characteristics===
 The results of testing the mechanical and physical properties of the produced pipe samples are shown in [[#tab-3|Table 3]]. It has been noticed that there was a significant influence of varying the level of parameters on the given quality characteristics.
@@ Line 865: / Line 865: @@
 The doser expander has the largest influence on three analyzed characteristics: ring stiffness, TIR test and longitudinal shrinking, with contributions of 39,82%, 24,32% and 27,02%, respectively. Nozzle temperature has the largest influence on ring flexibility (37,02%) and wall thickness (57,26%), while the thickness of the outer and inner layers is mostly influenced by coextruder mixture doser with contribution of 36.48%.
-===3.2. Optimisation of multiple characteristics===
+===3.2 Optimisation of multiple characteristics===
 Previous table makes it clear that the parameter set that optimises one quality characteristics does not match a parameter set that optimises another one. Thus, the defined fuzzy logic unit ([[#img-2|Figure 2]]) was applied and single responses for six charactersitics were obtained for 18 pipe samples in the form of comprehensive output measures ([[#tab-7|Table 7]]). The sample from the second experiment showed the highest COM value (0.615), while the lowest COM value (0.359) was noted with the sample no. 13.

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ==2. Materials and methods==
-===2.1. Design of experiment by Taguchi method===
+===2.1 Design of experiment by Taguchi method===
 For the design of the experiment by Taguchi method, the number of parameters (factors) and their levels needed to be established at first. The experiment was based on eight most important process parameters which affect the quality of PVC pipes. They are designated with letters A to H and shown in [[#tab-1|Table 1]] (A – traction speed, B – nozzle temperature, C – expander doser, D – extruder screw speed, E – coextruder screw speed, F – barrel temperature, G – extruder mixture doser and H – coextruder mixture doser).
@@ Line 297: / Line 297: @@
-===2.2. Sample quality characteristics measuring===
+===2.2 Sample quality characteristics measuring===
 Testing the physical and mechanical characteristics of the produced samples (three-layer unplasticized PVC pipes with outside diameter of 110 mm) was carried out 24 hours after the production process. It should be noted that samples were manufactured according to standard EN 13476-1:2018 [20] in the Company for Polymer Processing “Peštan”, Serbia. Theysohn Twin-Screw Extruder was used for the extrusion process.
@@ Line 311: / Line 311: @@
 The thickness of the outer and inner smooth layers were measured using a millimeter image distribution with Atorn 8x, whereas the treshold values are expressed in mm and defined in SRPS EN 13476-2:2009 [26].
-===2.3. Signal-to-noise ratios and single characteristic optimisation===
+===2.3 Signal-to-noise ratios and single characteristic optimisation===
 Results of quality characteristics measurments for eighteen samples were transformed to signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) in order to obtain the best comination of factors (parameters) for each characteristic.
@@ Line 353: / Line 353: @@
 Finally, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the evaluation of the most influential factor for each quality characteristic of unplasticized PVC pipes.
-===2.4. Multiple characteristic optimisation===
+===2.4 Multiple characteristic optimisation===
 Since the Taguchi method is “designed to handle the optimisation of a single performance characteristic” [4], fuzzy logic was used to identify the optimal combination of process parameters that should simultaneously improve all the quality characteristics of PVC pipes. Implementation of fuzzy logic was intended to result in one value ie. response called comprehensive output measure (COM), for all the six considered quality characteristics.

@@ Line 1,119: / Line 1,119: @@
 ::* The best combinations of factors and their levels which affect different characteristics are:
-: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for ring stifness;
+:: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for ring stifness;
+:: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_2</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_1</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_3</math> for ring flexibility;
-: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_2</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_1</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_3</math> for ring flexibility;
+:: <math display="inline">A_2</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for TIR test;
-−
 : <math display="inline">A_2</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for TIR test;
-−
 :: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for wall thickness;
 :: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_3</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_1</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for longitudinal shrinking;
 :: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for the thickness of the outer and inner layers.

@@ Line 1,119: / Line 1,119: @@
 ::* The best combinations of factors and their levels which affect different characteristics are:
-::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for ring stifness;
+: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for ring stifness;
-::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_2</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_1</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_3</math> for ring flexibility;
+: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_2</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_1</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_3</math> for ring flexibility;
-::* <math display="inline">A_2</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for TIR test;
+: <math display="inline">A_2</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for TIR test;
-::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for wall thickness;
+:: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for wall thickness;
-::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_3</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_1</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for longitudinal shrinking;
+:: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_3</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_1</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for longitudinal shrinking;
-::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for the thickness of the outer and inner layers.
+:: <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for the thickness of the outer and inner layers.
 ::* ANOVA revealed which factor influences which characteristic the most. The doser expander has the largest influence on three analyzed characteristics: ring stiffness, TIR test and longitudinal shrinking, with contributions of 39.82%, 24.32% and 27.02%, respectively. Nozzle temperature has the largest influence on ring flexibility (37.02%) and wall thickness (57.26%), while the thickness of the outer and inner layers is mostly influenced by coextruder mixture doser with contribution of 36.48%.

@@ Line 1,118: / Line 1,118: @@
 ::* The best combinations of factors and their levels which affect different characteristics are:
-<math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_2</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_1</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_3</math> for ring flexibility;
+::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for ring stifness;
-<math display="inline">A_2</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for TIR test;
+::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_2</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_1</math>, <math display="inline">G_3</math>, <math display="inline">H_3</math> for ring flexibility;
-<math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for wall thickness;
+::* <math display="inline">A_2</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for TIR test;
-<math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_3</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_1</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for longitudinal shrinking;
+::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_2</math>, <math display="inline">E_1</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for wall thickness;
-<math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_1</math>, <math display="inline">C_1</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_2</math>, <math display="inline">F_2</math>, <math display="inline">G_2</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for the thickness of the outer and inner layers.
+::* <math display="inline">A_1</math>, <math display="inline">B_3</math>, <math display="inline">C_3</math>, <math display="inline">D_1</math>, <math display="inline">E_3</math>, <math display="inline">F_3</math>, <math display="inline">G_1</math>, <math display="inline">H_2</math> for longitudinal shrinking;
 ::* ANOVA revealed which factor influences which characteristic the most. The doser expander has the largest influence on three analyzed characteristics: ring stiffness, TIR test and longitudinal shrinking, with contributions of 39.82%, 24.32% and 27.02%, respectively. Nozzle temperature has the largest influence on ring flexibility (37.02%) and wall thickness (57.26%), while the thickness of the outer and inner layers is mostly influenced by coextruder mixture doser with contribution of 36.48%.

← Older revision	Revision as of 13:46, 6 September 2021
(No difference)

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 3 September 2021
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−	where <math> \eta_m</math> is the total mean of the comprehensive output measure (COM) for all experimental runs, <math display="inline">{\overline{\eta }}_{i}</math> is the mean of comprehensive output measure at the optimum level of control factors and q is the number of the process parameters that signiﬁcantly affect the multiple performance characteristics.	+	where <math> \eta_m</math> is the total mean of the comprehensive output measure (COM) for all experimental runs, <math display="inline">{\overline{\eta }}_{i}</math> is the mean of comprehensive output measure at the optimum level of control factors and <math>q</math> is the number of the process parameters that signiﬁcantly affect the multiple performance characteristics.

	==4. Conclusion==		==4. Conclusion==

@@ Line 835: / Line 835: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;font-size:85%;width:auto;"
 |-style="text-align:center"
-! Quality characteristics !!Combination of factors !! The most infulential factor
+! Quality characteristics !!Combination of factors !! The most influential factor
 |-
 |  style="text-align: center;"|Ring stiffness

@@ Line 1,145: / Line 1,145: @@
 <div class="auto" style="text-align: left;width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;font-size: 85%;">
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+[20] EN 13476-1:2018 – BSI Standards Publication – Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage – Structured wall piping systems of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).
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+[25] SRPS EN ISO 2505:2013 – Thermoplastics pipes — Longitudinal reversion — Test method and parameters.
-:[26] SRPS EN 13476-2:2009 – Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage - Structured-wall piping systems of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) - Part 2: Specifications for pipes and fittings with smooth internal and external surface and the system, Type A
+[26] SRPS EN 13476-2:2009 – Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage - Structured-wall piping systems of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) - Part 2: Specifications for pipes and fittings with smooth internal and external surface and the system, Type A.
-:<big>[27] </big>Kamaruddin, S., Khan, Z., Wan, K. S. The Use of the Taguchi Method in Determining the Optimum Plastic Injection Moulding Parameters for the Production of a Consumer Product. Jurnal Mekanikal, 18: 98-110, 2004.
+[27] Kamaruddin S., Khan Z., Wan K.S. The use of the Taguchi method in determining the optimum plastic injection moulding parameters for the production of a consumer product. Jurnal Mekanikal, 18:98-110, 2004.
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