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		<title>Iversen et al 2017a - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-06-10T09:12:45Z</updated>
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		<title>Scipediacontent at 14:27, 21 January 2021</title>
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				<updated>2021-01-21T14:27:13Z</updated>
		
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&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:27, 21 January 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot; &gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It has been predicted that electric vehicles will play a crucial role in incorporating a large renewable component in the energy sector. If electric vehicles are integrated in a naive way, they may exacerbate issues related to peak demand and transmission capacity limits while not reducing polluting emissions. Optimizing the charging of electric vehicles is paramount for their successful integration. This paper presents a model to describe the driving patterns of electric vehicles in order to provide primary input information to any mathematical programming model for optimal charging. Specifically, an inhomogeneous Markov model that captures the diurnal variation in the use of a vehicle is presented. The model is defined by the time-varying probabilities of starting and ending a trip, and is justified due to the uncertainty associated with the use of the vehicle. The model is fitted to data collected from the actual utilization of a vehicle. Inhomogeneous Markov models imply a large number of parameters. The number of parameters in the proposed model is reduced using B-splines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It has been predicted that electric vehicles will play a crucial role in incorporating a large renewable component in the energy sector. If electric vehicles are integrated in a naive way, they may exacerbate issues related to peak demand and transmission capacity limits while not reducing polluting emissions. Optimizing the charging of electric vehicles is paramount for their successful integration. This paper presents a model to describe the driving patterns of electric vehicles in order to provide primary input information to any mathematical programming model for optimal charging. Specifically, an inhomogeneous Markov model that captures the diurnal variation in the use of a vehicle is presented. The model is defined by the time-varying probabilities of starting and ending a trip, and is justified due to the uncertainty associated with the use of the vehicle. The model is fitted to data collected from the actual utilization of a vehicle. Inhomogeneous Markov models imply a large number of parameters. The number of parameters in the proposed model is reduced using B-splines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Document type: Book&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Full document ==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;pdf&amp;gt;Media:Draft_Content_651563930-beopen727-1394-document.pdf&amp;lt;/pdf&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l16&quot; &gt;Line 16:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [http://henrikmadsen.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report_-_2013_-_Inhomogeneous_Markov_Models_for_Describing_Driving_Patterns.pdf http://henrikmadsen.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report_-_2013_-_Inhomogeneous_Markov_Models_for_Describing_Driving_Patterns.pdf],[https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440).html https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440).html],[https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf],[https://&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;academic&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;microsoft&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;com&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;detail&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;2343751051 &lt;/del&gt;https://&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;academic&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;microsoft&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;com&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;#&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;detail&lt;/del&gt;/&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;2343751051&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/5165411/5446437/7414468.pdf?arnumber=7414468 http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/5165411/5446437/7414468.pdf?arnumber=7414468],&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2520661 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2520661]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tsg/tsg8.html#IversenMMM17 https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/tsg/tsg8.html#IversenMMM17],&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: [https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/51822610/4.pdf https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/51822610/4.pdf],&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: &lt;/ins&gt;[http://henrikmadsen.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report_-_2013_-_Inhomogeneous_Markov_Models_for_Describing_Driving_Patterns.pdf http://henrikmadsen.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report_-_2013_-_Inhomogeneous_Markov_Models_for_Describing_Driving_Patterns.pdf],&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7414468 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7414468],&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: &lt;/ins&gt;[https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440).html https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440).html],&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2343751051 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2343751051]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* &lt;/ins&gt;[https://orbit.dtu.dk&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;/en/publications/1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440 https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440],&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: [https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2520661 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2520661],&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: [https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws&lt;/ins&gt;/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf https://&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;backend.&lt;/ins&gt;orbit.dtu.dk&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;/ws&lt;/ins&gt;/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;* [https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(e12a79e3-c066-4986-9ccd-abea431b6687).html https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(e12a79e3-c066-4986-9ccd-abea431b6687).html&lt;/ins&gt;],&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;: &lt;/ins&gt;[https://&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;orbit&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dtu&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dk&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ws&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;files&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;51822610/4.pdf &lt;/ins&gt;https://&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;orbit&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dtu&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;dk&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;ws&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;files&lt;/ins&gt;/&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;51822610/4.pdf&lt;/ins&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(e12a79e3-c066-4986-9ccd-abea431b6687).html http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(e12a79e3-c066-4986-9ccd-abea431b6687).html],[http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/51822610/4.pdf http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/51822610/4.pdf&lt;/del&gt;]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* [ ]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Iversen_et_al_2017a&amp;diff=174999&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 651563930 to Iversen et al 2017a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Iversen_et_al_2017a&amp;diff=174999&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2020-10-14T13:10:10Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Scipediacontent moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Content_651563930&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Content 651563930&quot;&gt;Draft Content 651563930&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Iversen_et_al_2017a&quot; title=&quot;Iversen et al 2017a&quot;&gt;Iversen et al 2017a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 13:10, 14 October 2020&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Iversen_et_al_2017a&amp;diff=174998&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Created page with &quot; == Abstract ==  It has been predicted that electric vehicles will play a crucial role in incorporating a large renewable component in the energy sector. If electric vehicles...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Iversen_et_al_2017a&amp;diff=174998&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2020-10-14T13:10:07Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot; == Abstract ==  It has been predicted that electric vehicles will play a crucial role in incorporating a large renewable component in the energy sector. If electric vehicles...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Abstract ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It has been predicted that electric vehicles will play a crucial role in incorporating a large renewable component in the energy sector. If electric vehicles are integrated in a naive way, they may exacerbate issues related to peak demand and transmission capacity limits while not reducing polluting emissions. Optimizing the charging of electric vehicles is paramount for their successful integration. This paper presents a model to describe the driving patterns of electric vehicles in order to provide primary input information to any mathematical programming model for optimal charging. Specifically, an inhomogeneous Markov model that captures the diurnal variation in the use of a vehicle is presented. The model is defined by the time-varying probabilities of starting and ending a trip, and is justified due to the uncertainty associated with the use of the vehicle. The model is fitted to data collected from the actual utilization of a vehicle. Inhomogeneous Markov models imply a large number of parameters. The number of parameters in the proposed model is reduced using B-splines.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Document type: Book&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Full document ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pdf&amp;gt;Media:Draft_Content_651563930-beopen727-1394-document.pdf&amp;lt;/pdf&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Original document ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The different versions of the original document can be found in:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://henrikmadsen.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report_-_2013_-_Inhomogeneous_Markov_Models_for_Describing_Driving_Patterns.pdf http://henrikmadsen.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Report_-_2013_-_Inhomogeneous_Markov_Models_for_Describing_Driving_Patterns.pdf],[https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440).html https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(1475954a-4b01-4676-9ae8-d6d0728aa440).html],[https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/190320015/TSG_2520661.pdf],[https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2343751051 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2343751051]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(e12a79e3-c066-4986-9ccd-abea431b6687).html http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/inhomogeneous-markov-models-for-describing-driving-patterns(e12a79e3-c066-4986-9ccd-abea431b6687).html],[http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/51822610/4.pdf http://orbit.dtu.dk/ws/files/51822610/4.pdf]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

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