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		<title>Hoffman et al 2006a - Revision history</title>
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		<updated>2026-04-23T14:01:59Z</updated>
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		<title>Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 553236347 to Hoffman et al 2006a</title>
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				<updated>2021-02-03T15:33:35Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Scipediacontent moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Content_553236347&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Content 553236347&quot;&gt;Draft Content 553236347&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Hoffman_et_al_2006a&quot; title=&quot;Hoffman et al 2006a&quot;&gt;Hoffman et al 2006a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:33, 3 February 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
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		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Hoffman_et_al_2006a&amp;diff=204767&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Created page with &quot; == Abstract ==  The objective of this air traffic management study was to analyse the trade-off between time spacing accuracy and corresponding control effort in a potential...&quot;</title>
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				<updated>2021-02-03T15:33:32Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot; == Abstract ==  The objective of this air traffic management study was to analyse the trade-off between time spacing accuracy and corresponding control effort in a potential...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Abstract ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The objective of this air traffic management study was to analyse the trade-off between time spacing accuracy and corresponding control effort in a potential future application of airborne separation assistance systems (ASAS). The ASAS application airborne spacing sequencing and merging was simulated in fast-time. Lead aircraft speed profiles were generated using complete descent profiles from real-time experiments. For validation purposes, three metrics were derived from real-time experiments: time spacing error (accuracy), frequency of speed adjustments (control activity), and cumulative airspeed variations (control cost). Four experimental parameters were varied: automatic and manual speed control, spacing dead-zone, guidance law dynamics time constant and initial time spacing error. A trade-off between the metrics was found for a sequence of two aircraft by comparing their variation with the experimental parameters. Corresponding ‘minimum’ performance requirements for the metrics are proposed: (i) time spacing error - mean less than 1.5s with 0.5 to 85% of the values between -4 and +4s (automatic mode), and mean less than 2.5s with 0.5 to 85% of the values between -6 and +6s (manual mode), (ii) frequency of speed adjustments - mean less than 1 action per minute (manual mode) and (iii) cumulative airspeed variations - mean less than 10 knots (automatic and manual modes). These requirements form a basis for investigating sequences longer than two aircraft where chain propagation effects may lead to additional constraints.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Original document ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The different versions of the original document can be found in:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6595/7ae358f0486bdf4237834c4bb39eaf4bc81c.pdf http://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6595/7ae358f0486bdf4237834c4bb39eaf4bc81c.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2006-7784 http://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2006-7784],&lt;br /&gt;
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7784 http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7784]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/gallery/content/public/document/eec/conference/paper/2006/017_Spacing_accuracy_sensitivity_analysis.pdf https://www.eurocontrol.int/eec/gallery/content/public/document/eec/conference/paper/2006/017_Spacing_accuracy_sensitivity_analysis.pdf],&lt;br /&gt;
: [https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2006-7784 https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/pdf/10.2514/6.2006-7784],&lt;br /&gt;
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2109116291 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2109116291]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

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