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		<title>Grijalva-Verdugo Moreno-Candil 2017a - Revision history</title>
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		<title>Scipediacontent at 14:23, 27 March 2019</title>
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				<updated>2019-03-27T14:23:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:23, 27 March 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot; &gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The acquisition of digital skills, media diet management, and general knowledge of ICT, is essential for the development and empowerment of audiences in the current media ecology, particularly considering the political and social challenges of the Latin American environment. In that sense, the study of media competence is urgent for sizing up the needs and characteristics of these communities. This work analyses the axiological and ideological dimension of media competence during an electoral process in northwestern Mexico, a region that is generally subject to violence related to organized crime. Twenty-three items pertaining to this dimension were selected from an instrument designed to evaluate media competence, which were applied to a probability sample of 385 subjects divided by digital natives, digital migrants, and digital illiterates. After an exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were identified. The intra and inter-group scores were explored, lower scores were found in components that allude citizens’ participation and social action; likewise, three of seven factors showed statistically significant differences, being digital natives who reported a lower score. Therefore, the need to search for new strategies for citizens to acquire media competence is evident, in order for pro-summing to become a social empowerment tool.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The acquisition of digital skills, media diet management, and general knowledge of ICT, is essential for the development and empowerment of audiences in the current media ecology, particularly considering the political and social challenges of the Latin American environment. In that sense, the study of media competence is urgent for sizing up the needs and characteristics of these communities. This work analyses the axiological and ideological dimension of media competence during an electoral process in northwestern Mexico, a region that is generally subject to violence related to organized crime. Twenty-three items pertaining to this dimension were selected from an instrument designed to evaluate media competence, which were applied to a probability sample of 385 subjects divided by digital natives, digital migrants, and digital illiterates. After an exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were identified. The intra and inter-group scores were explored, lower scores were found in components that allude citizens’ participation and social action; likewise, three of seven factors showed statistically significant differences, being digital natives who reported a lower score. Therefore, the need to search for new strategies for citizens to acquire media competence is evident, in order for pro-summing to become a social empowerment tool.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Media:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665.pdf|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#0645AD; font-weight: bold&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Download the PDF version&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Media:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665.pdf|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#0645AD; font-weight: bold&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Download the PDF version&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== 1. Introduction ====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== 1. Introduction ====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l67&quot; &gt;Line 67:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 67:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665-en009.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665-en009.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the gathered data (KMO=0.770; Bartlett’s sphericity test p&amp;lt;0.01). A 7-factor solution explained 67.99% of the scale’s total variance (Table 1).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;An exploratory factor analysis was performed on the gathered data (KMO=0.770; Bartlett’s sphericity test p&amp;lt;0.01). A 7-factor solution explained 67.99% of the scale’s total variance (Table 1).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l88&quot; &gt;Line 88:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 88:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665-en010.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665-en010.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Once these factors were identified, the values for each one were compared amongst the groups contemplated in the study. Given that each factor was comprised of a different amount of items, their values were standardized to facilitate the comparison. Thus, the value for each factor oscillates from 0.2 to 1, where 1 represents the highest possible value. After this, the distribution of values of each factor within each group was analyzed. It was found that the data did not comply to a normal distribution, therefore non-parametric tests were used to compare the groups in this study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Once these factors were identified, the values for each one were compared amongst the groups contemplated in the study. Given that each factor was comprised of a different amount of items, their values were standardized to facilitate the comparison. Thus, the value for each factor oscillates from 0.2 to 1, where 1 represents the highest possible value. After this, the distribution of values of each factor within each group was analyzed. It was found that the data did not comply to a normal distribution, therefore non-parametric tests were used to compare the groups in this study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l95&quot; &gt;Line 95:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 95:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665-en011.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665-en011.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Once the distribution of the factors within each group was explored, a Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare the differences amongst the groups. The Kruskall-Wallis test compares the average range of a variable across more than two groups. The results are showed in Table 3. Although there are differences in every factor across the groups, only three of them are statistically significant: “civic reflection”, “civic action” and “social action of the media”. In order to properly identify the root of these differences, Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. It was found that, in all cases, the significance lies when the digital natives’ scores are compared to the other two groups, that is, digital natives manifest these factors significantly different from digital immigrants and digital illiterates. How are these manifestations different? Considering the age gap between the groups, one could expect that the most significant difference would be found when comparing digital natives against digital illiterates; however, this only happened when comparing the “social action of the media” (U=1811; p&amp;lt;0.05). In this case, the digital illiterates were who attributed greater importance to the role the media plays in promoting political ideologies. With this, a greater emphasis was given to the importance of having a critical positioning towards politicians amongst different media platforms. In other words, it was the older participants in the study, who more frequently considered that the media should constantly criticize and denounce politicians, rather than keeping a blander o neutral position. The same difference was observed when comparing digital natives versus digital immigrants (U=10589; p&amp;lt;0.01), again the difference favored the older participants (digital immigrants). A possible explanation for these discrepancies could be the ambiguity of the items that comprise this factor regarding the concept of “the media”. In recent times, especially amongst younger people, the term social media has become more salient, distinguishing from the concept of media that tends to encompass traditional media outlets such as televised news and newspapers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Once the distribution of the factors within each group was explored, a Kruskall-Wallis test was used to compare the differences amongst the groups. The Kruskall-Wallis test compares the average range of a variable across more than two groups. The results are showed in Table 3. Although there are differences in every factor across the groups, only three of them are statistically significant: “civic reflection”, “civic action” and “social action of the media”. In order to properly identify the root of these differences, Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. It was found that, in all cases, the significance lies when the digital natives’ scores are compared to the other two groups, that is, digital natives manifest these factors significantly different from digital immigrants and digital illiterates. How are these manifestations different? Considering the age gap between the groups, one could expect that the most significant difference would be found when comparing digital natives against digital illiterates; however, this only happened when comparing the “social action of the media” (U=1811; p&amp;lt;0.05). In this case, the digital illiterates were who attributed greater importance to the role the media plays in promoting political ideologies. With this, a greater emphasis was given to the importance of having a critical positioning towards politicians amongst different media platforms. In other words, it was the older participants in the study, who more frequently considered that the media should constantly criticize and denounce politicians, rather than keeping a blander o neutral position. The same difference was observed when comparing digital natives versus digital immigrants (U=10589; p&amp;lt;0.01), again the difference favored the older participants (digital immigrants). A possible explanation for these discrepancies could be the ambiguity of the items that comprise this factor regarding the concept of “the media”. In recent times, especially amongst younger people, the term social media has become more salient, distinguishing from the concept of media that tends to encompass traditional media outlets such as televised news and newspapers.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l195&quot; &gt;Line 195:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 195:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;En las actuales ecologías mediáticas la adquisición de saberes digitales, manejo de dieta de medios y dominios generales de las TIC son fundamentales para el desarrollo y el empoderamiento de las audiencias, en particular, al considerar los desafíos políticos y sociales de entornos como el latinoamericano. Así, el estudio de la competencia mediática es urgente para dimensionar las necesidades y características de estas comunidades. La presente investigación analiza la dimensión axiológica e ideológica de la competencia mediática durante un proceso electoral en el noroeste de México, región que se ha caracterizado por la violencia relacionada con el crimen organizado. A partir de un instrumento diseñado para evaluar dicha competencia, se seleccionaron 23 ítems que remiten a la dimensión señalada, este se aplicó por medio de un muestreo probabilístico a 385 sujetos divididos en nativos, inmigrantes y analfabetos digitales. Tras un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificaron siete factores que conforman la dimensión axiológica e ideológica. Se exploraron las puntuaciones intra e intergrupos y se encontraron puntuaciones bajas en componentes que aluden a la participación ciudadana y a la movilización social; asimismo, tres de los siete factores presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo los nativos digitales quienes reportaron valores más bajos. Así, se pone en evidencia la necesidad de buscar nuevas estrategias para que los ciudadanos adquieran la competencia mediática y que así el prosumo se vuelva una herramienta de empoderamiento social.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;En las actuales ecologías mediáticas la adquisición de saberes digitales, manejo de dieta de medios y dominios generales de las TIC son fundamentales para el desarrollo y el empoderamiento de las audiencias, en particular, al considerar los desafíos políticos y sociales de entornos como el latinoamericano. Así, el estudio de la competencia mediática es urgente para dimensionar las necesidades y características de estas comunidades. La presente investigación analiza la dimensión axiológica e ideológica de la competencia mediática durante un proceso electoral en el noroeste de México, región que se ha caracterizado por la violencia relacionada con el crimen organizado. A partir de un instrumento diseñado para evaluar dicha competencia, se seleccionaron 23 ítems que remiten a la dimensión señalada, este se aplicó por medio de un muestreo probabilístico a 385 sujetos divididos en nativos, inmigrantes y analfabetos digitales. Tras un análisis factorial exploratorio se identificaron siete factores que conforman la dimensión axiológica e ideológica. Se exploraron las puntuaciones intra e intergrupos y se encontraron puntuaciones bajas en componentes que aluden a la participación ciudadana y a la movilización social; asimismo, tres de los siete factores presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, siendo los nativos digitales quienes reportaron valores más bajos. Así, se pone en evidencia la necesidad de buscar nuevas estrategias para que los ciudadanos adquieran la competencia mediática y que así el prosumo se vuelva una herramienta de empoderamiento social.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Media:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665_ov.pdf|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#0645AD; font-weight: bold&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Descarga aquí la versión PDF&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Media:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665_ov.pdf|&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#0645AD; font-weight: bold&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Descarga aquí la versión PDF&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== 1. Introducción ====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== 1. Introducción ====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l258&quot; &gt;Line 258:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 258:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665_ov-es009.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665_ov-es009.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A fin de obtener dimensiones mutuamente excluyentes los datos se rotaron mediante el método Varimax y exclusivamente se consideraron aquellos ítems que tuvieran una carga factorial superior a 0,40 (Tabla 1). Se obtuvieron los siguientes factores:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A fin de obtener dimensiones mutuamente excluyentes los datos se rotaron mediante el método Varimax y exclusivamente se consideraron aquellos ítems que tuvieran una carga factorial superior a 0,40 (Tabla 1). Se obtuvieron los siguientes factores:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l279&quot; &gt;Line 279:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 279:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665_ov-es010.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665_ov-es010.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La prueba de Friedman considera los valores obtenidos en cada componente y los ordena; de tal modo que al componente con la puntuación más baja se le asigna el valor de 1, mientras que al componente con la puntuación más alta se le asigna el valor de 7 (ya que son siete componentes). Los datos que se muestran en la Tabla 2 corresponden al valor promedio individual de los elementos que conforman la dimensión indagada en cada grupo (nativos, inmigrantes y analfabetos digitales). Si se observan los extremos de este ordenamiento, se puede visualizar cierta consistencia en los tres grupos. Por ejemplo, los componentes que sistemáticamente recibieron puntuaciones más bajas y por tanto se pueden considerar menos característicos de la muestra, corresponden a la «acción ciudadana» y la «producción de dispositivos de participación». Esto evidencia un panorama desfavorable para la población sinaloense, pues parece que está poco dispuesta a involucrarse activamente en la vida política de su localidad; sea por vías tradicionales de organización y participación ciudadana, como son marchas y foros, o incluso, en las nuevas formas de participación relacionadas a la producción y difusión de contenidos digitales. Por otro lado, se aprecia que la «lectura crítica de las campañas políticas» es el aspecto más común de la dimensión axiológica e ideológica para nativos e inmigrantes digitales, mientras que para los analfabetos digitales el componente más característico fue la «acción social de los medios». Esto presenta un contraste interesante entre los subgrupos, sobre todo en lo referido a su comportamiento electoral; para los grupos más jóvenes son las campañas políticas y la reflexión sobre las propuestas lo que incide en su voto, mientras que el grupo de mayor edad (analfabetos digitales) prioriza el papel de los medios de comunicación para promover e informar sobre los candidatos a cargos públicos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La prueba de Friedman considera los valores obtenidos en cada componente y los ordena; de tal modo que al componente con la puntuación más baja se le asigna el valor de 1, mientras que al componente con la puntuación más alta se le asigna el valor de 7 (ya que son siete componentes). Los datos que se muestran en la Tabla 2 corresponden al valor promedio individual de los elementos que conforman la dimensión indagada en cada grupo (nativos, inmigrantes y analfabetos digitales). Si se observan los extremos de este ordenamiento, se puede visualizar cierta consistencia en los tres grupos. Por ejemplo, los componentes que sistemáticamente recibieron puntuaciones más bajas y por tanto se pueden considerar menos característicos de la muestra, corresponden a la «acción ciudadana» y la «producción de dispositivos de participación». Esto evidencia un panorama desfavorable para la población sinaloense, pues parece que está poco dispuesta a involucrarse activamente en la vida política de su localidad; sea por vías tradicionales de organización y participación ciudadana, como son marchas y foros, o incluso, en las nuevas formas de participación relacionadas a la producción y difusión de contenidos digitales. Por otro lado, se aprecia que la «lectura crítica de las campañas políticas» es el aspecto más común de la dimensión axiológica e ideológica para nativos e inmigrantes digitales, mientras que para los analfabetos digitales el componente más característico fue la «acción social de los medios». Esto presenta un contraste interesante entre los subgrupos, sobre todo en lo referido a su comportamiento electoral; para los grupos más jóvenes son las campañas políticas y la reflexión sobre las propuestas lo que incide en su voto, mientras que el grupo de mayor edad (analfabetos digitales) prioriza el papel de los medios de comunicación para promover e informar sobre los candidatos a cargos públicos.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l286&quot; &gt;Line 286:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 286:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Draft_Content_879660727&lt;/del&gt;-62665_ov-es011.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Image:&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&lt;/ins&gt;-62665_ov-es011.jpg|center|px|]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;En el factor «reflexión ciudadana» las diferencias estadísticas se dieron entre nativos e inmigrantes digitales (U=10038; p&amp;lt;0,01), siendo nuevamente los inmigrantes quienes reportaron dialogar y con ello reflexionar con mayor frecuencia sobre contenidos de carácter político en distintos entornos sociales (familia, amigos, trabajo). De este resultado, es comprensible que en el factor «acción ciudadana» (U=10380; p&amp;lt;0,05) la diferencia también se incline a favor de los inmigrantes digitales; pues si estos dialogan y reflexionan más sobre política que las poblaciones más jóvenes resulta congruente que sean también los inmigrantes digitales quienes tomen acciones directas para protestar las decisiones sobre la clase política.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;En el factor «reflexión ciudadana» las diferencias estadísticas se dieron entre nativos e inmigrantes digitales (U=10038; p&amp;lt;0,01), siendo nuevamente los inmigrantes quienes reportaron dialogar y con ello reflexionar con mayor frecuencia sobre contenidos de carácter político en distintos entornos sociales (familia, amigos, trabajo). De este resultado, es comprensible que en el factor «acción ciudadana» (U=10380; p&amp;lt;0,05) la diferencia también se incline a favor de los inmigrantes digitales; pues si estos dialogan y reflexionan más sobre política que las poblaciones más jóvenes resulta congruente que sean también los inmigrantes digitales quienes tomen acciones directas para protestar las decisiones sobre la clase política.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&amp;diff=110227&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 879660727 to Grijalva-Verdugo Moreno-Candil 2017a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&amp;diff=110227&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-03-27T10:27:29Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Scipediacontent moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Content_879660727&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Content 879660727&quot;&gt;Draft Content 879660727&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&quot; title=&quot;Grijalva-Verdugo Moreno-Candil 2017a&quot;&gt;Grijalva-Verdugo Moreno-Candil 2017a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:27, 27 March 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&amp;diff=110226&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Scipediacontent: Created page with &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#FFFFFF; background:#ffffcc&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;article_es&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Pulsa aquí para ver la versión en Español (ES)&lt;/span&gt; ==== Abstract ====  The a...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Grijalva-Verdugo_Moreno-Candil_2017a&amp;diff=110226&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-03-27T10:27:26Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;color:#FFFFFF; background:#ffffcc&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span id=&amp;quot;article_es&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#article_en&quot;&gt;Pulsa aquí para ver la versión en Español (ES)&lt;/a&gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; ==== Abstract ====  The a...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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		<author><name>Scipediacontent</name></author>	</entry>

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