Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 954273538 to Greef Arciszewski 2009a

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Created page with " == Abstract == In many control domains (plant control, air traffic control, military command and control) humans are assisted by computer systems during their assessment of..."

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== Abstract ==

In many control domains (plant control, air traffic control, military command and control) humans are assisted by computer systems during their assessment of the situation and their subsequent decision making. As computer power increases and novel algorithms are being developed, machines move slowly towards capabilities similar to humans, leading in turn to an increased level of control being delegated to them. This technological push has led to innovative but at the same time complex systems enabling humans to work more efficiently and/or effectively. However, in these complex and information-rich environments, task demands can still exceed the cognitive resources of humans, leading to a state of overload due to fluctuations in tasks and the environment. Such a state is characterized by excessive demands on human cognitive capabilities resulting in lowered efficiency, effectiveness, and/or satisfaction. More specifically, we focus on the human-machine adaptive process that attempts to cope with varying task and environmental demands. In the research field of adaptive control an adaptive controller is a controller with adjustable parameters and a mechanism for adjusting the parameters (Astrom & Wittenmark, 1994, p. 1) as the parameters of the system being controlled are slowly time-varying or uncertain. The classic example concerns an airplane where the mass decreases slowly during flight as fuel is being consumed. More specifically, the controller being adjusted is the process that regulates the fuel intake resulting in thrust as output. The parameters of this process are adjusted as the airplane mass decreases resulting in less fuel being injected to yield the same speed. In a similar fashion a human-machine ensemble can be considered an adaptive controller. In this case, human cognition is a slowly time-varying parameter, the adjustable parameters are the task sets that can be varied between human and machine, and the control mechanism is an algorithm that âhas insightâ in the workload of the human operator (i.e., an algoritm that monitors human workload). Human performance is reasonably optimal when the human has a workload that falls within certain margins; severe performance reductions result from a workload that is either too high or (maybe surprisingly) too low. Consider a situation where the human-machine ensemble works in cooperation in order to control a process or situation. Both the human and the machine cycle through an information processing loop, collecting data, interpreting the situation, deciding on actions to achieve one or more stated goals and acting on the decisions (see for example Coram, 2002;

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f]

* [http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control http://www.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control]

* [https://www.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/5928 https://www.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/5928] under the license cc-by-nc-sa

* [http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f/Triggering_Adaptive_Automation_in_Naval_Command_and_Control1.pdf http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f/Triggering_Adaptive_Automation_in_Naval_Command_and_Control1.pdf],
: [https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/5928/InTech-Triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control.pdf https://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/5928/InTech-Triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control.pdf],
: [https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Atudelft.nl%3Auuid%3A99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Atudelft.nl%3Auuid%3A99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f],
: [https://core.ac.uk/display/13902496 https://core.ac.uk/display/13902496],
: [https://www.intechopen.com/books/frontiers_in_adaptive_control/triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control https://www.intechopen.com/books/frontiers_in_adaptive_control/triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control],
: [https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f/datastream/OBJ/download https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A99ff65ee-780e-44ac-a705-40f1574d683f/datastream/OBJ/download],
: [https://cdn.intechweb.org/pdfs/5928.pdf https://cdn.intechweb.org/pdfs/5928.pdf],
: [http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/5928/InTech-Triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control.pdf http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/5928/InTech-Triggering_adaptive_automation_in_naval_command_and_control.pdf],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2098873076 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2098873076]

* [https://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/5928 https://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/5928],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/6429 http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/6429]

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 954273538 to Greef Arciszewski 2009a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == In many control domains (plant control, air traffic control, military command and control) humans are assisted by computer systems during their assessment of..."