Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 744009702 to Gon et al 2007a

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Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 744009702 to Gon et al 2007a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Comparisons of measured and model-predicted atmospheric copper concentrations show a severe underestimation of the observed concentrations by the models. This..."

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Created page with " == Abstract == Comparisons of measured and model-predicted atmospheric copper concentrations show a severe underestimation of the observed concentrations by the models. This..."

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== Abstract ==

Comparisons of measured and model-predicted atmospheric copper concentrations show a severe underestimation of the observed concentrations by the models. This underestimation may be (partly) due to underestimated emissions of copper to air. Since the phase out of asbestos brake lining material, the composition of brake lining material has changed and may contain up to ∼15% copper. This makes brake wear from vehicles potentially an important source of atmospheric (particulate) copper concentrations. In this paper, we reassess the copper emissions due to exhaust emissions and brake wear from road transport. Overall, our reassessments result in an estimate of total copper emission to air in UNECE-Europe of 4.0-5.5 ktonnes yr-1, which is substantially higher than the previous estimate of 2.8 ktonnes yr-1. Copper concentrations over Europe are calculated with the LOTOS-EUROS model using the revised emission data as model input. The results show that the revised emission estimates are a major step towards gap closure of predicted versus observed copper concentrations in ambient air. Brake wear emissions may be responsible for 50-75% of the total copper emissions to air for most of Western Europe. The hypothesis that road transport is an important source of copper emissions is tested and confirmed by (1) reviewing available literature data of chemically speciated PM data from road tunnel studies and (2) the gradient observed in copper concentrations from ambient PM monitoring going from rural sites to street stations. The literature review and observational data suggest that the majority of the emitted PM10 brake wear particles is in the PM2.5-10 size range. The results of this study indicate that modification of brake lining composition is an important mitigation option to reduce copper exposure of the population in Western Europe. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:70c4fabf-b9d4-46d8-aebd-19a6778ec57e http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:70c4fabf-b9d4-46d8-aebd-19a6778ec57e]

* [https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1352231007006528?httpAccept=text/xml https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1352231007006528?httpAccept=text/xml],
: [https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1352231007006528?httpAccept=text/plain https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1352231007006528?httpAccept=text/plain],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.033 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.033] under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

* [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231007006528 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231007006528],
: [https://repository.tudelft.nl/view/tno/uuid:70c4fabf-b9d4-46d8-aebd-19a6778ec57e https://repository.tudelft.nl/view/tno/uuid:70c4fabf-b9d4-46d8-aebd-19a6778ec57e],
: [http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AtmEn..41.8697D/abstract http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AtmEn..41.8697D/abstract],
: [https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Atudelft.nl%3Auuid%3A70c4fabf-b9d4-46d8-aebd-19a6778ec57e https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Atudelft.nl%3Auuid%3A70c4fabf-b9d4-46d8-aebd-19a6778ec57e],
: [https://core.ac.uk/display/85536018 https://core.ac.uk/display/85536018],
: [http://www.lotos-euros.nl/publications/DeniervdGon_AE_2007_copper.pdf http://www.lotos-euros.nl/publications/DeniervdGon_AE_2007_copper.pdf],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2110824322 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2110824322]

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Gon et al 2007a - Revision history

Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 744009702 to Gon et al 2007a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Comparisons of measured and model-predicted atmospheric copper concentrations show a severe underestimation of the observed concentrations by the models. This..."