Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 517370337 to Erdogmus et al 2021a

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Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 517370337 to Erdogmus et al 2021a

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== Abstract ==

The Imperial Temple in Antiochia Ad Cragum is estimated to be first constructed at the end
of 2nd or start of 3rd century, the time of the Severan dynasty. However, archaeological
evidence also suggests that there were interventions during the Byzantine era, with burials
over the temple platform, a wine press on the northern side, and walls constructed
perpendicular to the temple on the southern side, use of which are unidentified. There is also a
retaining wall in the back of the temple that holds the earth against erosion from the hill on
the back, but it is curiously close to the Temple if built as part of original construction.
The goal of this study is to investigate the authors’ hypotheses of a multi-phase use and to
identify which elements found on the site may be contemporary to each other by comparing the
composition of mortar samples collected from different areas, supplemented by a
geoarchaeological investigation. Five samples of mortar from the various areas around the
temple were collected and tested using three methods: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thin section petrographic analyses.
While all mortar samples include similar locally sourced hydrated lime and sand mixtures, three
distinct construction styles are identified in the visual analysis of the building elements, the
mortar analyses, and the geoarchaeological investigations. One sample from the walls of the
wine press pool includes fibers. The unique interdisciplinary work utilizing both material
analyses and geoarchaeology strengthens the conclusions that can be drawn from individual
fields of study and provides more support for the hypotheses of the phased destruction and
changing use of the monument.

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_517370337p1103.pdf</pdf>
== References ==

[1] Erdogmus, Ece, Joshua Freeland, Michael Schuller, Mine Turan, Rhys Townsend, and Michael Hoff. 2019. “Preventive Conservation Efforts and a Preliminary Preservation Management Plan for the Roman Temple at Antioch Ad Cragum.” Proceedings of the 13th North American Masonry Conference, pp. 222–226, June 2019, Salt Lake City.

[2] Dodd, E. (2020). Roman and Late Antique Wine Production in Eastern Mediterranean. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd., ISBN 978-1-78969-403-1 (2020).

[3] Chamber of Geology Engineers, 2019. Antalya İli Genel Jeolojisi (General Geology of Antalya Province), https://jeolojimuhendisleri.net/antalya-ili-genel-jeolojisi-il-il-genel- jeoloji/, accessed: 7 February 2019.

[4] ASTM C856, Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete

[5] T. Ashour, A. Derbala. Shrinkage of natural plaster materials for straw bale buildings affected by reinforcement fibres and drying, Agric Eng Int CIGR J, 12 (1) (2010), pp. 55-62

[6] M.F. Drdácký, M.J. Válek, P.P. Procházka, P. Bartos, C. Groot, J.J. Hughes (Eds.), Historic mortars: characteristics and tests, RILEM Publications, France (1999), p. 261

[7] Yalcin, H., Bozkaya, O., Yilmaz, C. 2015. Tekirova (Antalya) Ofiyolit Napı Kayaçlarının Alterasyon Mineralojisi ve Jeokimyası (Alteration Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the rocks from Tekirova (Antalya) Ophiolite Nappe), Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni (Geological Bulletin of Turkey), V. 58, No: 1. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/284508

[8] Ghilardi, M., and S. Desruelles. 2009. Geoarchaeology: Where Human, Social and Earth Sciences with Technology.

[9] Karkanas, P., and P. Goldberg. 2017. Encyclopedia of Geoarchaeology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer Netherlands.

[10] Stoops, G. 2003. Guidelines for Analysis and Description of Soil and Regolith Thin Sections.

[11] Bullock, P. 1985. Handbook for Soil Thin Section Description. Albrighton: Waine Research Publications.

[12] Courty, M.A. 1989. Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[13] Macphail, R.I., and P. Goldberg. 2018. Applied Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press.

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Erdogmus et al 2021a - Revision history

Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 517370337 to Erdogmus et al 2021a

Scipediacontent: Created page with "== Abstract == The Imperial Temple in Antiochia Ad Cragum is estimated to be first constructed at the end of 2nd or start of 3rd century, the time of the Severan dynasty. Ho..."