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== Abstract ==

In this work, a simple and effective Rigid Beam Model is proposed for studying the
dynamic behaviour of ancient freestanding stone columns. As well known, monolithic and
multi-drum freestanding columns are historical structural elements typical of ancient temples
that still can be found in the Mediterranean area. These columns are particularly prone to
collapse in case of seismic actions. The dynamic behaviour of freestanding columns has been
studied by many authors in the past [1-3], and it is characterized by a strong nonlinearity due
to sliding and rocking between the drums. The Rigid Beam Model here described assumes each
drum of the column as a rigid beam element and each interface between the drums as a node
of the model able to move horizontally. Similar to Housner [1] approach, this model assumes
small displacements and no sliding between blocks. Furthermore, the material nonlinearity is
considered by means of a moment-rotation constitutive law slightly modified with respect to the
bilinear one introduced by Housner. Numerical simulations were performed on monolithic and
multi-drum columns modelled using the proposed Rigid Beam Model approach. Results are
compared against simulations of the same columns undertaken by means of the Discrete
Element Model, which is able to consider large displacements and the possible sliding between
the drums, and it has already proven its effectiveness in simulating column behaviour [2-4].

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_596991870p881.pdf</pdf>
== References ==

[1] Housner, G.W. The behavior of inverted pendulum structures during earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. (1963) 53(1):403-417.

[2] Psycharis, I.N., Papastamatiou, D.Y. and Alexandris, A.P. Parametric investigation of the stability of classical columns under harmonic and earthquake excitations. Earthq. Eng.Struct. Dyn. (2000) 1(29):1093-1109.

[3] Papantonopoulos, C., Psycharis, I.N., Papastamatiou, D.Y., Lemos, J.V. and Mouzakis, H.P. Numerical prediction of the earthquake response of classical columns using the distinct element method. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. (2002) 1(31):1699-1717.

[4] Sarhosis, V. Baraldi, D., Lemos, J. and Milani, G. Dynamic behaviour of ancient freestanding multi-drum and monolithic columns subjected to horizontal and vertical excitations. Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. (2019) 120:39-57.

[5] Baraldi, D., Milani, G. and Sarhosis, V. Numerical models for simulating the dynamic behaviour of freestanding ancient columns. Compdyn 2019 Proceedings (2019), pp. 1526-1536.

[6] Cundall, P.A., A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems. Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics (1971), Nancy, France.

[7] Spanos, P.D. and Koh, A.-S. Rocking of rigid blocks due to harmonic shaking. J. Eng. Mech. (1984) 110(11):1627-1642.

[8] Itasca. UDEC - Universal Distinct Element Code manual: theory and background. Minneapolis, Itasca Consulting Group, (2004).

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 596991870 to D. Baraldi 2021a

Scipediacontent: Created page with "== Abstract == In this work, a simple and effective Rigid Beam Model is proposed for studying the dynamic behaviour of ancient freestanding stone columns. As well k..."