Materiales.Compuestos at 17:39, 22 September 2022

2022-09-22T17:39:33Z

Materiales.Compuestos at 17:38, 22 September 2022

2022-09-22T17:38:12Z

Scipediacontent at 04:54, 3 May 2022

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2022-03-31T13:08:27Z

Created page with "== Abstract == Composite panels were produced using film stacking procedure: a dry layer of fabric and two layers of matrix were piled up alternately and compression molded...."

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== Abstract ==

Composite panels were produced using film stacking procedure: a dry layer of fabric and two layers of matrix were piled up alternately and compression molded. The matrices used were PLA or PHB and the fabric was a cotton twill fabric without any chemical pre-treatment or treated with an epoxy functional oligomeric acrylic polymer (J). The PLA-based composite had clearly better mechanical properties than the pure matrix, namely +75%, +39% and +45% for elastic modulus, elongation at break and tensile strength, respectively. The PHB gave dramatic results reaching increases of +103%, +83%,+104% of the same three parameters. The J additive employed in the PLA gave no substantial changes but reduced the elongation at break. The same J additive in the PHB-based composite apparently increased the adeshion between matrix and fabric, showing an modulus and strenght increase with a reduction of elongation at break.

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_997321556native-articles-70.pdf</pdf>

@@ Line 266: / Line 266: @@
 [[File:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image9.png|centre|600x600px]]
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 3.'''</span> <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Pictures of samples after fracture in the tension tests.</span>
+<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 These failure surfaces had short fibers protruding (<1 mm), suggesting a failure mode of fiber rupture with slight fiber pull-out. The fractography analysis of damaged specimens is hereafter presented.
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 [[File:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image10.png|centre|667x667px]]
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 4.'''</span> <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">SEM images of the fracture surface of PLA1L, PHB1L, PLA1LJ and PHB1LJ specimens.</span>
+<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
 As far as composites with J-treated cotton were concerned, no evident difference from untreated fibers were found. Similar fiber pull-out are visible and similar gaps between fibers and matrices are shown in the higher magnifications. Thus, the supposed better bonding between fiber and matrix in the treated cotton composites that improves the tensile behaviors is not reflected in evident morphological changes.

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+<span id="_GoBack"></span>
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-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-D. Battegazzore<sup>a</sup>, A. Frache<sup>a</sup>, T. Abt<sup>b</sup>, M. Ll. Maspoch<sup>b</sup></div>
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-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"><sup>a</sup>Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, sede di Alessandria, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.</span></div>
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-<div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"><sup>b</sup>Centre Català del Plàstic (CCP)-Unversitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC). C/Colom, 114, Terrassa 08222, Spain</span></div>
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-{| style="width: 87%;border-collapse: collapse;"
-|-
-|  colspan='2'  style="vertical-align: top;"|<big>Compuestos bio-basados en PLA y P3HB-3HH con tejido de algodón</big>
-|-
-|  style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"> [[Image:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image1.png|54px]] </span>
-|  style="vertical-align: top;"|
-|-
-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Historia del artículo:</span>
-−
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Recibido 5 de Mayo 2017</span>
-−
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">En la versión revisada 5 de Mayo 2017</span>
-−
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Aceptado 31 de Mayo 2017</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Accesible online 21 de Junio 2017</span>
-|  rowspan='4' style="vertical-align: top;"|<span id='_GoBack'></span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Mediante moldeo por compresión se han fabricado placas de compuestos usando el método de apilamiento de láminas (una lámina de tejido entre dos láminas de matriz polimérica). Las matrices utilizadas han sido PLA o PHB, como tejido se ha usado algodón sin pretratamiento o bien tratado con un oligómero acrílico con grupos funcionales epoxy (J).  Los compuestos en base PLA presentan unas propiedades mecánicas mejores que la matriz, con incrementos de </span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">+75%, +39% y +45% para el módulo de elasticidad, el alargamiento a la rotura y la resistencia a la tracción, respectivamente. Para los compuestos de PHB, los cambios son aún más significativos, con aumentos de +103%, +83%,+104% para los mismos parámetros.La adición del agente multiepoxidado (J), no provoca cambios significativos en los compuestos base PLA, solamente una reducción del alargamiento a la rotura. Sin embargo en el PHB, parece que aumenta la adhesión entre la matriz y el tejido resultando en un aumento del módulo de Young y de la resistencia a la tracción</span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">.</span>
-|-
-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Keywords:</span>
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-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Compuestos bio-basados; PLA; PHB; tejido de algodón; propiedades mecánicas</span>
-|-
-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|
-|-
-|  colspan='2'  style="vertical-align: top;"|<big>PLA and P3HB-3HH-based bio-composites made with cotton fabric </big>
-|-
-|  style="border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;"> [[Image:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image2.png|54px]] </span>
-|  style="vertical-align: top;"|
-|-
-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|<br/><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Keywords:</span>
-−
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">bio-composite; PLA; PHB; fabric; mechanical properties</span>
-|  rowspan='2' style="vertical-align: top;"|<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Composite panels were produced using film stacking procedure: a dry layer of fabric and two layers of matrix were piled up alternately and compression molded. The matrices used were PLA or PHB and the fabric was a cotton twill fabric without any chemical pre-treatment or treated with an epoxy functional oligomeric acrylic polymer (J). The PLA-based composite had clearly better mechanical properties than the pure matrix, namely +75%, +39% and +45% for elastic modulus, elongation at break and tensile strength, respectively. The PH</span><span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">B gave dramatic results reaching increases of +103%, +83%,+104% of the same three parameters. The J additive employed in the PLA gave no substantial changes but reduced the elongation at break. The same J additive in the PHB-based composite apparently increased the adeshion between matrix and fabric, showing an modulus and strenght increase with a reduction of elongation at break.</span>
-−
-−
-|-
-|  style="border-top: 1pt solid black;vertical-align: top;"|
-|}
-−
-−
-<br/>
-−
 ==1 Introduction==
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 The epoxy groups of Joncryl can theoretically react with both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of the polyesters, leading to the formation of branched polymer chains (Figure 1). On the other hand, this agent could also react with the –OH groups in the cellulose structure of the cotton fabric functionalizing the surface or generating bridges between polymers and fabric, acting as coupling agent (Figure 1).
+[[File:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image5.png|centre|600x600px]]
-[[Image:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image5.png|600px]]  [[Image:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image6.png|600px]]
+[[File:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image6.png|centre|600x600px]]
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 <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Table 1'''. Codes, composition, density and porosity of cotton fabric composites.</span></div>
+<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Table 1'''. Codes, composition, density and porosity of cotton fabric composites</span></div>
 {| style="width: 100%;margin: 1em auto 0.1em auto;border-collapse: collapse;"
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 <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
-<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Table 2.''' Tensile properties of PLA and PHB composites.</span></div>
+<span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Table 2.''' Tensile properties of PLA and PHB composites</span></div>
 {| style="width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;"
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 In both PLA and PHB composites, white horizontal lines, coinciding with the location of the transverse yarns, appeared along the length during the loading. This could due to low transverse yarn stiffness and strength that gave stress concentrations and high localized straining in the matrices exactly at the transverse fiber surface position as already reported in literature [14]. These lines were more evident in the samples without the J additive because they had a higher deformation at break with respect to the corresponding J treatment. Anyhow, the matrices were more likely to fail along these lines, indeed, the failure surface of all specimens was generally perpendicular to the axial direction (Figure 3).
+[[File:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image9.png|centre|600x600px]]
-[[Image:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image9.png|600px]]
 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 3.'''</span> <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">Pictures of samples after fracture in the tension tests.</span>
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 However, in both cases the matrices were able to enter the fiber bundles, filling the empty spaces. Indeed, once the samples were broken, the polymer still bound the fibers or the fiber fingerprints were visible that were detached from the matrix during the breaking.
+[[File:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image10.png|centre|667x667px]]
-[[Image:Battegazzore_et_al_2018a-image10.png|600px]]
 <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">'''Figure 4.'''</span> <span style="text-align: center; font-size: 75%;">SEM images of the fracture surface of PLA1L, PHB1L, PLA1LJ and PHB1LJ specimens.</span>

← Older revision	Revision as of 13:08, 31 March 2022
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Battegazzore et al 2018a - Revision history

Materiales.Compuestos at 17:39, 22 September 2022

Materiales.Compuestos at 17:38, 22 September 2022

Scipediacontent at 04:54, 3 May 2022

Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 997321556 to Battegazzore et al 2018a

Scipediacontent: Created page with "== Abstract == Composite panels were produced using film stacking procedure: a dry layer of fabric and two layers of matrix were piled up alternately and compression molded...."