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		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Armstrong%2A_Grobler_2024a</id>
		<title>Armstrong* Grobler 2024a - Revision history</title>
		<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Armstrong%2A_Grobler_2024a"/>
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		<updated>2026-05-03T19:47:00Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
		<generator>MediaWiki 1.27.0-wmf.10</generator>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301909&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez: JSanchez moved page Draft Sanchez Pinedo 712344753 to Armstrong* Grobler 2024a</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301909&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-07T11:38:05Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;JSanchez moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Draft_Sanchez_Pinedo_712344753&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Draft Sanchez Pinedo 712344753&quot;&gt;Draft Sanchez Pinedo 712344753&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/public/Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&quot; title=&quot;Armstrong* Grobler 2024a&quot;&gt;Armstrong* Grobler 2024a&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:38, 7 June 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301908&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez at 11:38, 7 June 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301908&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-07T11:38:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:38, 7 June 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot; &gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Historically, the analyses of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) have primarily focused on understanding the characteristics of tailings, while often overlooking a comprehensive evaluation of the foundation, as seen at Mount Polley in 2014. The Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) Requirement 5.4 stresses the importance of comprehensively addressing all potential failure modes. Numerous platinum TSFs in Southern Africa are underlain by residual clay, specifically a residual mafic rock from the Bushveld Complex. Similar soils, known as &amp;quot;tropical black clay soils&amp;quot;, are found in other regions of the world. Surprisingly, there's limited public information on testing and modelling the behaviour of this clay foundation. This paper presents a case study that employs a novel approach to assess the impact of loading from tailings deposition on the underlying clay foundation of an upstream TSF. The analysis investigates how shear behaviour and consolidation characteristics of the clay foundation change with varying TSF heights and construction rates. The approach includes quantifying excess pore water pressures and their influence on the clay foundation's effective stress. The analyses primarily employ traditional limit equilibrium methods to assess TSF stability and foundation behaviour, with the potential to expand to numerical modelling. The study concludes that excess pore water pressures will significantly affect the Factor of Safety (FoS) of a TSF, particularly with adverse consolidation characteristics and increasing TSF height. This is primarily due to the low permeability and changing consolidation coefficient (cv) of the clay layer as the surcharge load increases. Furthermore, the research reveals that, depending on the rate of rise, tailings deposition may induce excess pore water pressures, potentially reducing the FoS. The ability to quantify excess pore water pressures using this novel approach enables a more accurate estimation of the FoS for facilities underlain by low-permeability materials, either residual or transported.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Historically, the analyses of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) have primarily focused on understanding the characteristics of tailings, while often overlooking a comprehensive evaluation of the foundation, as seen at Mount Polley in 2014. The Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) Requirement 5.4 stresses the importance of comprehensively addressing all potential failure modes. Numerous platinum TSFs in Southern Africa are underlain by residual clay, specifically a residual mafic rock from the Bushveld Complex. Similar soils, known as &amp;quot;tropical black clay soils&amp;quot;, are found in other regions of the world. Surprisingly, there's limited public information on testing and modelling the behaviour of this clay foundation. This paper presents a case study that employs a novel approach to assess the impact of loading from tailings deposition on the underlying clay foundation of an upstream TSF. The analysis investigates how shear behaviour and consolidation characteristics of the clay foundation change with varying TSF heights and construction rates. The approach includes quantifying excess pore water pressures and their influence on the clay foundation's effective stress. The analyses primarily employ traditional limit equilibrium methods to assess TSF stability and foundation behaviour, with the potential to expand to numerical modelling. The study concludes that excess pore water pressures will significantly affect the Factor of Safety (FoS) of a TSF, particularly with adverse consolidation characteristics and increasing TSF height. This is primarily due to the low permeability and changing consolidation coefficient (cv) of the clay layer as the surcharge load increases. Furthermore, the research reveals that, depending on the rate of rise, tailings deposition may induce excess pore water pressures, potentially reducing the FoS. The ability to quantify excess pore water pressures using this novel approach enables a more accurate estimation of the FoS for facilities underlain by low-permeability materials, either residual or transported.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;== Full Paper ==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;pdf&amp;gt;Media:Draft_Sanchez Pinedo_712344753128.pdf&amp;lt;/pdf&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301906&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez at 11:37, 7 June 2024</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301906&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-07T11:37:59Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:37, 7 June 2024&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &amp;#160; &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Abstract==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Historically, the analyses of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) have primarily focused on understanding the characteristics of tailings, while often overlooking a comprehensive evaluation of the foundation, as seen at Mount Polley in 2014. The Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management (GISTM) Requirement 5.4 stresses the importance of comprehensively addressing all potential failure modes. Numerous platinum TSFs in Southern Africa are underlain by residual clay, specifically a residual mafic rock from the Bushveld Complex. Similar soils, known as &amp;quot;tropical black clay soils&amp;quot;, are found in other regions of the world. Surprisingly, there's limited public information on testing and modelling the behaviour of this clay foundation. This paper presents a case study that employs a novel approach to assess the impact of loading from tailings deposition on the underlying clay foundation of an upstream TSF. The analysis investigates how shear behaviour and consolidation characteristics of the clay foundation change with varying TSF heights and construction rates. The approach includes quantifying excess pore water pressures and their influence on the clay foundation's effective stress. The analyses primarily employ traditional limit equilibrium methods to assess TSF stability and foundation behaviour, with the potential to expand to numerical modelling. The study concludes that excess pore water pressures will significantly affect the Factor of Safety (FoS) of a TSF, particularly with adverse consolidation characteristics and increasing TSF height. This is primarily due to the low permeability and changing consolidation coefficient (cv) of the clay layer as the surcharge load increases. Furthermore, the research reveals that, depending on the rate of rise, tailings deposition may induce excess pore water pressures, potentially reducing the FoS. The ability to quantify excess pore water pressures using this novel approach enables a more accurate estimation of the FoS for facilities underlain by low-permeability materials, either residual or transported.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301905&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>JSanchez: Created blank page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.scipedia.com/wd/index.php?title=Armstrong*_Grobler_2024a&amp;diff=301905&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2024-06-07T11:37:57Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created blank page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>JSanchez</name></author>	</entry>

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