Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 599867034 to Ambituuni et al 2015a

2021-02-02T00:10:17Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 599867034 to Ambituuni et al 2015a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Pipelines carrying oil and gas are very safe forms of energy transportation, but they do sometimes fail. In the Developed World these failures are usually ass..."

2021-02-02T00:10:10Z

Created page with " == Abstract == Pipelines carrying oil and gas are very safe forms of energy transportation, but they do sometimes fail. In the Developed World these failures are usually ass..."

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== Abstract ==

Pipelines carrying oil and gas are very safe forms of energy transportation, but they do sometimes fail. In the Developed World these failures are usually associated with impact damage (e.g. from earth moving equipment), corrosion, or manufacturing faults in the pipeline materials. In the Developing World theft and sabotage is a major, and increasing cause of failure. Countries such as China, Mexico, and Nigeria have major problems with theft of pipeline products, sabotage, and vandalism. This paper reviews pipeline failures in Nigeria, focusing on pipelines carrying hydrocarbon liquids. The review clearly shows that theft/sabotage is the major cause of failure to pipelines, and the recorded failure rates (0.35 per km-year) are well above failure rates reported on other pipeline systems around the world. Fatalities from pipeline failures range from 0.04 to 0.38 per km-yr, depending on the region in Nigeria. Additionally, on average, the operator of the pipeline system considered in this paper loses about $US100million/year due to these failures. This value does not consider the costs associated with payment of compensation, fines, environmental clean-ups, litigation, etc. The paper concludes with recommendations to improve pipeline safety systems to reduce these fatalities and costs.

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SAFE15/SAFE15005FU1.pdf http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SAFE15/SAFE15005FU1.pdf]

* [http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SAFE15/SAFE15005FU1.pdf http://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SAFE15/SAFE15005FU1.pdf],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/safe150051 http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/safe150051]

* [https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/risk-assessment-of-a-petroleum-product-pipeline-in-nigeria-the-re https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/risk-assessment-of-a-petroleum-product-pipeline-in-nigeria-the-re],
: [https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SAFE15/SAFE15005FU1.pdf https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SAFE15/SAFE15005FU1.pdf],
: [https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-the-built-environment/151/33343 https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-the-built-environment/151/33343],
: [http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/214382/68A17561-33FC-4911-859D-B34F7CC6D90C.pdf http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/214382/68A17561-33FC-4911-859D-B34F7CC6D90C.pdf],
: [http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/pub_details2.aspx?pub_id=214382 http://eprint.ncl.ac.uk/pub_details2.aspx?pub_id=214382],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2080297520 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2080297520]

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Ambituuni et al 2015a - Revision history

Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 599867034 to Ambituuni et al 2015a

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Pipelines carrying oil and gas are very safe forms of energy transportation, but they do sometimes fail. In the Developed World these failures are usually ass..."