Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 963260961 to 238,295iq

2021-03-22T21:44:33Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 963260961 to 238,295iq

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == The revolution of hydraulic fracturing has dramatically increased the supply and lowered the cost of natural gas in the United States driving an expansion of..."

2021-03-22T21:43:32Z

Created page with " == Abstract == The revolution of hydraulic fracturing has dramatically increased the supply and lowered the cost of natural gas in the United States driving an expansion of..."

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== Abstract ==

The revolution of hydraulic fracturing has dramatically increased the supply and lowered the cost of natural gas in the United States driving an expansion of natural gas-fired generation capacity in many electrical grids. Unrelated to the natural gas expansion, lower capital costs and renewable portfolio standards are driving an expansion of intermittent renewable generation capacity such as wind and photovoltaic generation. These two changes may potentially combine to create new threats to the reliability of these interdependent energy infrastructures. Natural gas-fired generators are often used to balance the fluctuating output of wind generation. However, the time-varying output of these generators results in time-varying natural gas burn rates that impact the pressure in interstate transmission pipelines. Fluctuating pressure impacts the reliability of natural gas deliveries to those same generators and the safety of pipeline operations. We adopt a partial differential equation model of natural gas pipelines and use this model to explore the effect of intermittent wind generation on the fluctuations of pressure in natural gas pipelines. The mean square pressure fluctuations are found to grow linearly in time with points of maximum deviation occurring at the locations of flow reversals.

Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Document type: Article

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_963260961-beopen1250-7580-document.pdf</pdf>

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2111 http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2111] under the license elsevier-specific: oa user license

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.085]

* [http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0306261915011940/pdf/S0306261915011940.pdf http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0306261915011940/pdf/S0306261915011940.pdf] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

* [https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0306261915011940?httpAccept=text/xml https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0306261915011940?httpAccept=text/xml],
: [https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0306261915011940?httpAccept=text/plain https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0306261915011940?httpAccept=text/plain],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.085 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.09.085] under the license elsevier-specific: oa user license

* [https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1411.html#ChertkovLB14 https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr1411.html#ChertkovLB14],
: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261915011940 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261915011940],
: [https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2111 https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.2111],
: [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.2111v1 https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.2111v1],
: [https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1154962 https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1154962],
: [https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v160y2015icp541-551.html https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v160y2015icp541-551.html],
: [http://home.itp.ac.ru/~lebede/papers/pdf/ChertkovBL.pdf http://home.itp.ac.ru/~lebede/papers/pdf/ChertkovBL.pdf],
: [https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:160:y:2015:i:c:p:541-551 https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:appene:v:160:y:2015:i:c:p:541-551],
: [https://publications.hse.ru/articles/195467069 https://publications.hse.ru/articles/195467069],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2963025663 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2963025663] under the license https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 963260961 to 238,295iq

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == The revolution of hydraulic fracturing has dramatically increased the supply and lowered the cost of natural gas in the United States driving an expansion of..."