Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 174937013 to 238,295ie

2021-03-22T21:28:22Z

Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 174937013 to 238,295ie

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Increased rail competitiveness has been the objective of many countries around the world, including member states of the EU. Although railway market liberaliz..."

2021-03-22T21:27:19Z

Created page with " == Abstract == Increased rail competitiveness has been the objective of many countries around the world, including member states of the EU. Although railway market liberaliz..."

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== Abstract ==

Increased rail competitiveness has been the objective of many countries around the world, including member states of the EU. Although railway market liberalization has always been accompanied by high expectations of increased efficiency and competitiveness, the overall impact of such decisions can be considered controversial. This paper aims to contribute to the scientific debate by conducting a factor analysis of some East-Central European countries from the aspect of rail freight competitiveness. Since many highly correlated factors influence competitiveness, its mathematical&ndash

statistical representation and analysis is difficult due to the high number of dimensions of the factor space. Moreover, competitiveness cannot be measured directly only as a latent variable which is a feature of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The introduced PCA, model by way of reducing the number of dimensions, can highlight the relations among the attributes and determine the most crucial issues capable of increasing rail competitiveness in the given countries and also of clustering those national railway markets. Recommendations for structural changes in national rail freight markets of the region are also supplied. Our results show that international rail competitiveness depends rather on market efficiency than on market liberalization due to the fact that the Global Competitiveness Index and Export/Import attributes did not significantly correlate with market concentration. As for the larger domestic rail freight sectors, small freight forwarders&mdash

spawned by liberalization&mdash

are shown to play a significant role in increasing competitiveness.

Document type: Article

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_174937013-beopen1238-3731-document.pdf</pdf>

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154181 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154181] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154181 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154181] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

* [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181/pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181/pdf] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

* [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181],
: [https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050] under the license cc-by

* [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181],
: [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181/pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181/pdf],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2965906471 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2965906471]

* [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181/pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/15/4181/pdf],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154181 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154181]

under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 174937013 to 238,295ie

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Increased rail competitiveness has been the objective of many countries around the world, including member states of the EU. Although railway market liberaliz..."