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Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 759506309 to 238,295an

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Sustainable transportation and mobility are key components and central to sustainable development. This research aims to reveal the macro-level social, econom..."

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Created page with " == Abstract == Sustainable transportation and mobility are key components and central to sustainable development. This research aims to reveal the macro-level social, econom..."

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== Abstract ==

Sustainable transportation and mobility are key components and central to sustainable development. This research aims to reveal the macro-level social, economic, and environmental impacts of alternative vehicle technologies in the U.S. The studied vehicle technologies are conventional gasoline, hybrid, plug-in hybrid with four different all-electric ranges, and full battery electric vehicles (BEV). In total, 19 macro level sustainability indicators are quantified for a scenario in which electric vehicles are charged through the existing U.S. power grid with no additional infrastructure, and an extreme scenario in which electric vehicles are fully charged with solar charging stations. The analysis covers all life cycle phases from the material extraction, processing, manufacturing, and operation phases to the end-of-life phases of vehicles and batteries. Results of this analysis revealed that the manufacturing phase is the most influential phase in terms of socio-economic impacts compared to other life cycle phases, whereas operation phase is the most dominant phase in the terms of environmental impacts and some of the socio-economic impacts such as human health and economic cost of emissions. Electric vehicles have less air pollution cost and human health impacts compared to conventional gasoline vehicles. The economic cost of emissions and human health impact reduction potential can be up to 45% and 35%, respectively, if electric vehicles are charged through solar charging stations. Electric vehicles have potential to generate income for low and medium skilled workers in the U.S. In addition to quantified sustainability indicators, some sustainability metrics were developed to compare relative sustainability performance alternative passenger vehicles. BEV has the lowest greenhouse gas emissions and ecological land footprint per $ of its contribution to the U.S. GDP, and has the lowest ecological footprint per unit of its energy consumption. The only sustainability metrics that does not favor the BEV is the water-energy ratio, where the conventional gasoline vehicle performed best.

Document type: Article

== Full document ==
<pdf>Media:Draft_Content_759506309-beopen1039-9174-document.pdf</pdf>

== Original document ==

The different versions of the original document can be found in:

* [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6129305 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6129305] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by

* [http://hdl.handle.net/11498/31213 http://hdl.handle.net/11498/31213] under the license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

* [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf]

* [http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305 http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305],
: [https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050] under the license cc-by

* [http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf],
: [http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6129305 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su6129305]

* [http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf],
: [http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305 http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305] under the license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

* [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305 https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305],
: [https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/9305/pdf],
: [https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v6y2014i12p9305-9342d43569.html https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v6y2014i12p9305-9342d43569.html],
: [https://core.ac.uk/display/45610900 https://core.ac.uk/display/45610900],
: [https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:6:y:2014:i:12:p:9305-9342:d:43569 https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:6:y:2014:i:12:p:9305-9342:d:43569],
: [http://earsiv.sehir.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11498/31213 http://earsiv.sehir.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11498/31213],
: [https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1346846 https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1346846],
: [https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/5909 https://stars.library.ucf.edu/facultybib2010/5909],
: [https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2080858568 https://academic.microsoft.com/#/detail/2080858568]

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Scipediacontent: Scipediacontent moved page Draft Content 759506309 to 238,295an

Scipediacontent: Created page with " == Abstract == Sustainable transportation and mobility are key components and central to sustainable development. This research aims to reveal the macro-level social, econom..."