https://www.scipedia.com/sitemaps/year/2023 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Draft_content_914091930 Wed, 17 Dec 2025 12:23:07 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Draft_content_914091930 La influencia de los algoritmos en la sociedad es cada vez mayor a través de una presencia creciente en todos los ámbitos de la vida diaria, sin que seamos conscientes de ello y, en ocasiones, usurpando la identidad de otros actores sociales. El artículo tiene como propósito principal abordar la metainvestigación sobre el campo de la inteligencia artificial y la comunicación, desde una perspectiva holística que permita analizar el estado de la investigación académica, así como los posibles efectos en estas dos áreas y en la convivencia en un sistema democrático. Para ello se lleva a cabo una revisión sistematizada de la literatura reciente desde enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos. La temática analizada es cambiante y novedosa; incluye el impacto y la interacción de algoritmos, bots, procesos automatizados y mecanismos de inteligencia artificial en el periodismo y la comunicación, así como su efecto en la democracia. Los resultados dibujan una producción científica en expansión, mayoritariamente en inglés, basada en la discusión teórica o centrada en la percepción de los profesionales de la comunicación. El objeto de estudio mayoritario se sitúa en el periodismo y en la democracia, con menor implicación de la ética o la educación. Los estudios señalan un gran interés sobre los efectos del uso de algoritmos sobre el periodismo y la democracia, pero las respuestas son todavía inciertas y los retos para los próximos años importantes.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Draft_content_501368012 Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:55:45 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Draft_content_501368012 La búsqueda de otros periodismos posibles ha estado presente, en las sucesivas etapas históricas del período contemporáneo, a partir del nacimiento del periodismo moderno. Desde la aparición de los muckrakers hasta el nuevo perio-dismo norteamericano o el periodismo de precisión ha habido propuestas que han enriquecido la técnica periodística y han contribuido a la emergencia de nuevos roles periodísticos. Sin embargo, en bastantes ocasiones emerge el “adanismo” y afrontamos los desafíos actuales como si la historia acabase de empezar y el pasado no dejase huella. En este breve trabajo se examina la emergencia de propuestas recientes que, en el escenario digital, enarbolan la bandera de la imparcialidad para combatir la escasa confianza y baja credibilidad que el periodismo ofrece a algunos sectores ciudadanos. La mirada se centra, además del periodismo constructivo y de soluciones, así como nuevas medidas de trasparencia, en dos nuevas cabeceras de reciente aparición, Factuel, en Francia, y TheMessenger, en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Guallar_Martinez-Canadas_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:54:10 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Guallar_Martinez-Canadas_2025a Se revisan los principales metaanálisis sobre fil-tros burbuja y cámaras de eco, y se muestra que hay poca evidencia de la existencia de ambos. Se concluye que, si bien la imagen popular de los filtros burbuja y las cáma-ras de eco tiene pocos fundamentos, en el futuro se hará necesaria una mayor vigilancia de los ciudadanos ante los posibles efectos de los algoritmos

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Martinez-Nicolas_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:52:34 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Martinez-Nicolas_2025a La disminución progresiva de la matrícula y de la nota de acceso a la titulación o la baja satisfacción de los graduados son algunos de los indicadores que apuntan a una situación, si no alarmante, sí cuanto menos intranquilizadora sobre el estado de los estudios universitarios de Periodismo en España. La retracción del mercado de trabajo con el ciclo de crisis económicas iniciado en 2008 y el impacto de la digitalización en el sector dificultan que el grado en Periodismo pueda aten-der el objetivo de una formación orientada a la empleabilidad que la Declaración de Bolonia (1999) colocó en el centro de la reforma de la educación superior en la Unión Europea. Las dificultades que generan estos factores exógenos se están viendo reforzadas por el diseño curricular de un grado anclado en una concepción estrictamente “mediática” de la actividad periodística y en la transmisión de un “ideal periodístico” que los graduados se ven incapacitados de poner en práctica cuando acceden al mercado de trabajo que tienen realmente disponible

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Costa-Sanchez_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:50:50 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Costa-Sanchez_2025a La comunicación audiovisual vive un período de esplendor dado el éxi-to de las narrativas audiovisuales en ámbitos y soportes diversos.La formación de grado en Comunicación Audiovisual en España debe renovarse para dar cabida a orientaciones dirigidas a nuevos perfiles profesionales. La gestión de comunicación y la comunicación promocional se han convertido en escenarios de relevancia, en los que la comunicación audiovisual ocupa un papel central. El presente trabajo repasa la presencia de materias de gestión de comunicación en los grados de Co-municación Audiovisual en España. Se concluye la elevada presencia de materias introductorias y generales, ante la necesidad de mayor carga formativa y más espe-cializada. Hay vida profesional más allá del cine. Las titulaciones de Comunicación Audiovisual tienen la oportunidad de aprovecharla.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Franganillo_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:49:05 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Franganillo_2025a La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) generativa y los grandes modelos de lenguaje pueden cambiar la forma en que consultamos, procesamos y producimos información. Pero presentan desafíos técnicos y éticos, tales como inconsistencias, sesgos y falta de transparencia. El colectivo bibliotecario tiene aquí un papel clave, una oportunidad para apoyar el uso responsable de esta tecnología y promover la comprensión crítica de sus limitaciones. Las bibliotecas, por su parte, pueden ofrecer espacios y recursos para experimentar con la IA generativa y fomentar su uso en la investigación científica.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Moreiro-Gonzalez_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:47:19 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Moreiro-Gonzalez_2025a Los anuncios de ofertas de trabajo para el sector LIS incluyen con efecto creciente a los profesionales de la información en los equipos que analizan datos y los ordenan en Sistemas de organización del conocimiento (SOC). Se trata de pro-cesar y visualizar datos de empresas y organizaciones a partir de la capacidad para preparar y analizar datos y encajar en equipos de investigación multidisciplinares. Para organizar los resultados del análisis de datos, productos y otros objetos de con-tenido emplean SOC, sobre todo taxonomías web. El cometido de los taxonomistas no se queda en coordinar y categorizar, pues intervienen en todo el proceso de análisis, gestión y preparación para su consulta.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Omella_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:39:05 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Omella_2025a Análisis de los puntos más relevantes en la actualización del Manifiesto de la IFLA-Unesco sobre bibliotecas públicas en 2022. Se detallan los antecedentes del Manifiesto de 1994, su impacto en el desarrollo bibliotecario y cómo la versión de 2022 refuerza valores centrados en la inclusividad, la participación cívica y la función comunitaria. Como ejemplos de esos ejes se destaca la vinculación del nuevo texto del Manifiesto con los retos actuales para las bibliotecas públicas: competencia lectora, acceso universal al conocimiento, brecha digital, cohesión social, participación ciudadana, inclusión laboral y alfabetización informacional. Finalmente, se aborda la implementación del Manifiesto, instando a las asociaciones bibliotecarias nacionales a difundirlo. Se presentan herramientas como el decálogo de implementación, traducciones, versión en “lectura fácil” y un “toolkit” disponibles para el conjunto de profesionales, pensando en su implementación en los diferentes países.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gallo-Leon_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:37:31 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gallo-Leon_2025a Con el modelo CRAI (Centro de Recursos para el Aprendizaje y la Investigación), Rebiun generó un concepto que ha guiado la organización, forma y servicios de las bibliotecas universitarias españolas durante los últimos 20 años. Creado para una realidad diferente a la actual, y tras dos grandes crisis, se ha planteado la necesidad de revisarlo o avanzar hacia un nuevo modelo que se adapte a las cambiantes necesidades. Tras la revisión de las tendencias más destacadas, se concluye que el modelo CRAI puede ser todavía válido si se modifica convenientemente.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gomez-Diaz_Garcia-Rodriguez_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:35:55 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gomez-Diaz_Garcia-Rodriguez_2025a La censura de libros en bibliotecas ha crecido de manera preocupante en los últimos años y está afectando especialmente a las bibliotecas públicas y escolares con por-centajes que crecen cada año. Las propuestas de prohibición de libros las realizan habitualmente los padres a través de juntas escolares o ciudadanas, usuarios y grupos políticos y religiosos, bien por el tema del que tratan o por motivos lingüísticos, étnicos o de integrismo religioso. Frente a ellas el personal bibliotecario se mantiene alerta y muestra su re-sistencia denunciando los casos o prestando ayuda legal a través de las asociaciones profesionales, pero también otras iniciativas como la celebración de la Semana del Libro Prohi-bido, la puesta a disposición de ejemplares prohibidos, la colocación de distintivos en los libros para llamar la atención sobre lo censurado o mostrar cómo se seleccionan los libros en las bibliotecas.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Serra_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:34:21 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Serra_2025a Con la publicación de La galaxia Gutenberg, Marshall McLuhan planteó una ciencia de los medios de comunicación colocada en el centro de las ciencias de la cultura. Más de seis décadas después, los estudios en comunicación parecen haber abandonado tales aspiraciones. Este texto reconstruye las ideas principales de la obra y reflexiona acerca de su actualidad. En particular, se detiene en la función de la escritura “en mosaico” de McLuhan y en los interrogantes que su método sigue planteando para el campo de estudio de la comunicación.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ortega_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:32:56 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ortega_2025a En esta pequeña nota me gustaría rendir homenaje al artículo “Valora-ción del impacto de la información en Internet: AltaVista, el ‘Citation Index’ de la Red”, que Rodríguez-Gairín publicó en 1997 en la Revista española de documen-tación científica. Se trataba de una contribución pionera que ponía de relieve el potencial de los buscadores para generar análisis cuantitativos de enlaces y sitios web. Esta contribución analiza cada una de sus partes, desgranando sus principales aportaciones y discutiendo cuán diferente nos parecía esa Web a la que hoy nos enfrentamos

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gonzalez-Salmon_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:31:30 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gonzalez-Salmon_2025a El mundo de la informetría ha cambiado enormemente desde 1990, año en que Leo Egghe y Ronald Rousseau publicaron por primera vez Introduction to informetrics: Quantitative methods in library, documentation and information science. En esta nota revisitamos este clásico de la informetría, con la visión puesta en el análisis de los contrastes y continuidades que encontramos entre la primera aproximación al término que propusieron estos autores, y la realidad de este campo de investigación en 2023

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Marin-Arraiza_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:29:40 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Marin-Arraiza_2025a En los últimos años, los principios FAIR se han incluído completamente en el diálogo sobre la gestión de datos de investigación desde un punto de vista técnico. Paralelamente han surgido los principios CARE (o CREA) (Control –Autoridad para controlar–, Responsabilidad, Ética, Aprovechamiento para el beneficio colectivo), que se centran en aspectos éticos y de gobernanza, con un enfoque en la soberanía de los datos indígenas. A diferencia de los principios FAIR, aún no existen modelos de madurez o de “CREAficación” para evaluar la adopción de los principios CREA, y su implementación requiere un desarrollo comunitario de servicios y gestión de datos. A pesar de las diferencias, una infraestructura que se adapta a los principios FAIR puede articularse más fácilmente a los principios CREA. En esta nota, se presentan los principios CREA y su posible encuadre más allá de la gestión técnica de los datos de investigación.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Font-Julian_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:20:23 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Font-Julian_2025a Tras un año desde la incorporación de investigadores Margarita Salas en universidades y centros de investigación gracias al plan para la recualificación del sistema universitario español llevado a cabo por el Ministerio de Universidades, esta nota recopila los principales problemas y limitaciones que derivan de este contrato postdoctoral, y esboza algunas posibles soluciones para futuras convocatorias de características similares.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morales-Vargas_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:07:26 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morales-Vargas_2025a Analizar la experiencia de usuario (UX) es un factor clave en la evaluación de calidad en sitios web. Existe una veintena de métodos para ese propósito que, mediante la perspectiva cualitativa o cuantitativa, examinan la actitud, el comportamiento o el contexto de uso de las personas. Sin embargo, por diferentes motivos económicos o prácticos, este tipo de estudios suelen ser menos utilizados que las evaluaciones heurísticas. Por ello, en este artículo se detallan y recomiendan, de manera priorizada, las técnicas más eficaces. En primer lugar, la analítica web –herramienta que mayor cantidad de datos recoge–, seguida por las pruebas de usabilidad, la observación y el cuestionario. Todo con el objetivo de contribuir a escuchar la voz de los visitantes y conocer qué hacen realmente en un sitio.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Fernandez-Ramos_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 11:03:31 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Fernandez-Ramos_2025a La labor formativa de las bibliotecas universitarias ha ido cobrando protagonismo a lo largo del tiempo en detrimento de otros servicios y de otras labores tradicionalmente desempeñadas por sus empleados. La mayor autonomía de los usuarios a la hora de relacionarse con la información (búsqueda, evaluación, gestión, uso), la mayor variedad de fuentes, soportes, canales y agentes productores de información, así como las nuevas formas de enseñanza/aprendizaje, hacen que sea necesaria una adaptación de la tradicional formación de usuarios a las nuevas necesidades de los usuarios y al contexto tecnológico actual. En este sentido, es importante incorporar nuevos contenidos en los planes formativos y aprovechar todas las modalidades docentes a nuestro alcance para poder impartir esa formación de la forma más adecuada y llegar al mayor número de usuarios.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Arroyo-Vazquez_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 10:55:15 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Arroyo-Vazquez_2025a En septiembre de 2022 se publicó la sexta edición de la norma ISO 2789, Information and documentation. International library statistics, que reemplaza a la ISO 2789:2013. En el presente texto se analizan las novedades que se introducen en esta nueva versión, que tienen que ver especialmente con los recursos y servicios digitales y con la incorporación de datos sobre los servicios de apoyo a la investigación, además de otros aspectos. La norma mantiene prácticamente la misma estructura que la anterior edición, aunque destaca la incorporación de un anexo sobre la medición de los usos digitales. Se añaden además numerosas definiciones que reflejan la nueva realidad de las bibliotecas.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Saorin_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 10:50:27 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Saorin_2025a El trabajo apuesta por la importancia de las lecturas de largo recorrido, para construir un campo, como complemento necesario a los artículos científicos e informes técnicos. Se realiza una revisión de libros de fundamentos, introducción o divulgación vinculados al área de conocimiento de la Information Science. Plantea sobre todo una selección de obras, traducidas al español o no, que puedan funcionar como despertadoras de vocaciones o permitir una amplia visibilidad de las disciplinas relacionadas con la información desde un punto de vista propio, con el foco puesto en la organización del conocimiento.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Perez-Montoro_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 10:45:49 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Perez-Montoro_2025a Desde sus orígenes, la disciplina de la visualización de información ha caminado siempre de la mano de los avances tecnológicos relacionados y su evolución. Hoy en día, existe una amplia variedad de herramientas de software y tecnologías, algunas de código y otras comerciales, que permiten a los usuarios visualizar y analizar datos de manera efectiva. La inteligencia artificial y el aprendizaje automático parece que también pueden revolucionar la forma en la que se visualiza la información, permitiendo a los usuarios explorar patrones y tendencias en grandes conjuntos de datos de manera más cómoda y eficiente.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lopezosa_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 10:34:04 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lopezosa_2025a El 7 de febrero de 2023, Microsoft anunció el lanzamiento de un nuevo buscador Bing, que integra la inteligencia artificial (IA) en forma de chat para mejorar la experiencia de búsqueda. Este trabajo presenta un análisis funcional básico de este nuevo buscador y propone una serie de reflexiones sobre el efecto de la IA en buscadores tanto desde el punto de vista de los usuarios, como desde la perspectiva del personal investigador del ámbito de la documentación y la comunicación dedicado al estudio de la visibilidad web y la recuperación de información.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lopez-Garcia_2025a Mon, 15 Dec 2025 10:22:49 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lopez-Garcia_2025a Muchos ciudadanos han anunciado el fin o la muerte del periodismo; muchos ciudadanos han destacado el papel del periodismo en el pasado; muchos ciudadanos han anunciado un gran futuro para el periodismo digital. En estos últimos años, en un contexto de grandes transformaciones en el ecosistema comunicativo, hemos escuchado de todo a la hora de hablar del presente y el futuro del periodismo. La multiplicación de medios nativos digitales, la aparición de “countermedia” o falsos medios, la hibridación de modelos, la emergencia de nuevos movimientos periodísticos, la aparición de nuevos actores periféricos… alimenta un ecosistema comunicativo donde cada vez las fronteras de lo que es periodismo y lo que no es son más difusas. En todo caso, el periodismo será lo que las sociedades actuales y del futuro sean capaces de acordar. Conocemos lo que ha sido y lo que puede ser, el papel que puede desempeñar para que las sociedades democráticas y plurales funcionen mejor y dispongan de una buena oferta informativa. Pero el futuro no está escrito; hay que construirlo y el periodismo, que es de la sociedad y pertenece a la sociedad -sus propietarios no son solo los que lo ejercen o los que crean industrias alrededor del periodismo-, tiene que ganarlo. Y, mientras lo intenta, los periodismos transitan por el laberinto de las complejas sociedades red actuales.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Martinez-Avila_2025a Wed, 10 Dec 2025 12:32:48 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Martinez-Avila_2025a En diciembre de 2022 se publicó una nueva versión del indicador brasileño de evaluación de revistas científicas Qualis Periódicos, correspondiente con el cuatrienio 2017-2020. Esta nueva versión del indicador es la única versión oficial publicada desde 2016, pese a que en los últimos años se han filtrado algunas estimaciones y discusiones de los que podrían ser los nuevos valores de las revistas según unos nuevos criterios en los que las citas y los valores de otros indicadores bibliométricos como CiteScore, los percentiles de Scopus y Clarivate-JIF y los índices h, h5 o h10 de Google han cobrado mucho más peso. Qualis Periódicos, de aplicación prácticamente ubicua en Brasil, corresponde de forma efectiva con el principal factor y motivación que tienen los investigadores brasileños para decidir dónde publicar sus trabajos de calidad, por lo que su situación y valores resultan de especial importancia para las revistas que quieran atraer investigaciones de calidad de un país tan amplio como Brasil, en el que se espera que los recientes cambios políticos impulsen una mayor inversión en su sistema científico y más recursos para publicaciones. En este trabajo se presenta la calificación de las revistas españolas de Comunicación e Información, tomando como base las listas con sello Fecyt 2021 y las categorías de Documentación y Comunicación de Dialnet Métricas, y se identifican algunas anomalías en el sistema que deberían ser consideradas por editores y autores a la hora de publicitar sus resultados.

]]> Scipedia content https://www.scipedia.com/public/Grishina_Grebennikova_2023a Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:14:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Grishina_Grebennikova_2023a The relevance of the work undertaken in RANEPA in 2022 is due to the fact that the national goals of socio-economic development of Russia for the period up to 2030, defined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 21.07.2020 N 474, are formulated taking into account the tasks of achieving the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN. A prerequisite for their implementation is participation of the regions in the process. Localization of the SDGs in line with the new international approaches will strengthen the sustainability of regional policies and cooperation. The subject of the study is new methodology for assessing the achievement of the SDGsfor the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the achievement of the UN SDGs by the regions of Russia to clarify the priority areas of regional policy and is based on the following tasks undertaken: analysis of the experience of developed countries in developing an approach and assessing the achievement of SDGs at the level of regions of the second territorial level (according to the OECD classification); analysis of domestic experience in assessing the achievement of SDGs at different levels (national and regional); substantiation of the composition of indicators and methodological approach to assessing the achievement of SDGs at the regional level; formation of an information base for assessing the achievement of SDGs in the regions of the Russian Federation; approbation of the methodology; development of recommendations on priorities for the implementation of Russia's regional policy, based on estimates of indicators for achieving the SDGs. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that for the first time a new composite index has been developed to assess the achievement of the SDGs in the regions of Russia, based on a system of indicators, consistent with the national goals of Russia until 2030. On its basis, experimental assessments have been obtained that allow for interregional comparisons. Research methods applied: system, factor and statistical analysis of the distribution of indicators; index method, etc. Research results can be used to: clarify priorities and develop regional policy mechanisms that ensure the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the regions of Russia, as well as the achievement of the country's national development goals until 2030 in territorial dimension. The application of the authors’ approach is recommended for information and methodological support of the state regional policy development to increase its effectiveness.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morozov_Grebennikova_2023b Fri, 22 Dec 2023 14:03:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morozov_Grebennikova_2023b The unified system is the basic state information resource in the field of civil service management. However, the capabilities of the Unified System outside the functionality that ensures the passage of the state civil service (including in terms of informing internal and external users of the system, as well as organizing information interaction between users) are used to a small extent. At the same time, the basic functionality of the Unified System in terms of the implementation of personnel processes is formed without taking into account user experience, and the communication capabilities of the Unified System as an information resource are not taken into account. External clients (citizens) and a significant part of internal clients (civil servants) do not use the Unified System due to insufficient awareness of its capabilities, lack of relevant content for them, as well as difficulties in using the existing functionality. In this regard, the analysis of user experience and the development of recommendations for improving the structure and content of the Unified System and its official website are of particular importance. The main purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the Unified System, as well as its official website. To achieve the goal, the following research tasks were solved: providing information and analytical support for information resources of public authorities (including support for network forms of interaction), as well as methodological support for users; preparation of proposals for improving the information resources of public authorities based on the analysis of the results of methodological user support; development of recommendations and methodological materials aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of users' work with information resources of public authorities. The potential of information, communication and digital technologies in the public administration system is used very limitedly, already implemented solutions and products require serious rethinking and “remodeling”. The basic functionality of the Unified System (including in terms of the implementation of personnel processes) is formed without taking into account user experience, and the communication capabilities of the Unified System as an information resource are not taken into account. The analysis of the user request and expert assessment of the Unified Information Resource made it possible to identify key problem areas and areas for improvement, to substantiate possible scenarios for the development of the Unified Information Resource of public authorities. The civil service portal requires restructuring and changing the emphasis content and content, focused not only on attracting the attention of candidates, but also on becoming a full-fledged platform for representatives of personnel services, experts, educational organizations. The solution of this ambitious task is impossible within the framework of the existing functionality and will require the development of a new site Unified system - the portal of the civil service as a single entry into the system of the domestic civil service.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morozov_Grebennikova_2023a Fri, 22 Dec 2023 13:56:04 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morozov_Grebennikova_2023a Currently, there is a growing need to develop unified analytical approaches and methodological solutions for a thorough and complete assessment of the state of the civil service. Accordingly, the current interest from a sociological point of view in this institution is expressed in the analysis of various aspects of its activities, prospects and barriers to development, which will allow to achieve an effective organization of the civil service. The main purpose of the study: organizing and conducting an annual sociological survey in the field of civil service. To achieve the goal, the following fundamental and applied tasks were solved: defining the conceptual foundations of sociological research on the issues of the civil service and assessing the possibilities of applying the results in managing the development of the civil service, substantiating directions for improving the methodology and technology for conducting sociological research that characterizes the state and development of the state civil service , the possibility of assessing the managerial potential of civil servants in the management of the personnel of the civil service of the Russian Federation, as well as the development of practical recommendations for the development of the civil service. Research methods or methodology: scientific and methodological analysis, comparative analysis, generalization, expert assessment, surveys of civil servants, public opinion research on issues of the civil service. It is substantiated that regular sociological monitoring requires an appropriate level of infrastructure functioning and, in particular, the adoption of a separate regulatory legal act. As a means of social diagnostics, sociological monitoring makes it possible to successfully solve the problems of both collecting and systematizing data characterizing the processes of change in the public service and tracking the dynamics of these processes, allowing timely corrective action, as well as improving the process of developing strategic decisions in this area, and increasing the targeting of impact. and optimize resources. At the same time, the monitoring system itself needs to be fine-tuned, taking into account the differentiation of the civil service system itself. At the same time, it is important to provide two focuses of research: self-assessment and public opinion. In the methodology of sociological monitoring, the development of situational indicators and indicators is of no small importance, in this regard, it is important, within the framework of the directions of the cooperation plan, to develop a methodology for sociological monitoring as an integral element of the strategy and tactics of managing changes in the civil service of the Russian Federation. The implementation of a comprehensive sociological study will allow not only to accumulate resources in achieving the strategic goals of the development of the state civil service and increase the targeting of relevant activities, but can also largely help reduce the risks caused by the preservation of traditional and the formation of new social stereotypes regarding civil servants and the state civil service in in general.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Yaskova_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 19 Dec 2023 09:58:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Yaskova_Grebennikova_2023a Features of the of construction projects implementation sphere (especially in a crisis period associated with force majeure) require the development and implementation of effective disputes resolution methods at all stages of the project life cycle to ensure its sustainability, which forms the relevance of the topic, and the approach to its development - forms scientific novelty. Thus, the purpose of this scientific work is to develop a system of alternative methods and mechanisms for dispute resolution in the investment and construction sector of the national economy at various stages of the construction projects implementation, taking into account the best foreign experience for subsequent implementation in the practical activities of economic entities. To achieve this goal, the authors set tasks that include analysis of features of specialized methods for resolving construction disputes, identification the most popular of them, systematization of the problematic aspects of implementation of such methods potential and development of recommendations for its introduction at various levels. The methodological basis of the study constituted the following methods of scientific knowledge: holistic approach, project-oriented approach, system-dynamic method. Based on the results of its conduct, the authors made conclusions about the need to take measures, both legislative and organizational and managerial in nature, to overcome the crisis in the construction industry. On this basis, the authors, for recommendatory purposes, outlined the directions for reforming existing approaches to project management, taking into account the need for a targeted focus on Dispute management. Prospects for research on this science topics are associated with the introduction of conciliation mechanisms in the practical activities of state bodies and business entities, as well as with the development of additional competencies of all project participants.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Chipurenko_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 19 Dec 2023 09:50:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Chipurenko_Grebennikova_2023a The subject of the study is the procedure for financial accounting and audit of digital assets, which in recent years have become significant distribution as objects of current business activity. The aim of the study was to analyze Russian and international practice to select the possible approaches of reliable and uniform reflection in the corporate reporting of digital assets and audit methods. The study was carried out during 2022 based on the department of accounting, economic analysis and audit of the Russian Academy of National Economy and the Presidential Service of the Russian Federation (RANEPA). Relevance. The absence of the rules for identifying and classification of digital assets in financial accounting does not allow to correctly reflect in the reports of organizations significant objects. No jurisdiction in the world has accounting standards for digital assets, and the IFRS Foundation only in 2022 set a priority task for developing the rules for accounting for digital assets. The research methodology is based on theoretical and practical methods. An inductive research approach is the desire to understand the nature of the problem related to digital assets. High -quality research method is a subjective assessment of attitudes, expert opinions in the field of digital assets. Practical research methods follow from theoretical and are mainly data collection and their analysis. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the need: — for financial accounting for the clarification of the term “digital currency”, established by law, to divide the concepts of decentralized digital currency and the digital ruble of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; — development of the federal standard of accounting of operations with crypto actures; — distinguish between the issues of accounting for crypto acts for commercial organizations of the real sector of the economy and professional participants in the financial market. Recommended: — before the development of the federal standard, use a single approach to identify crypt-toactics as intangible assets in accordance with the accumulated practice; — creation of publicly accessible terminological reference books in relation to digital assets with regular actualization; — Creating an information resource about digitalization risks.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Balandina_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 19 Dec 2023 09:35:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Balandina_Grebennikova_2023a This paper analyzes the most important tools of modern customs administration: authorized economic operator, customs audit, financial guarantees for payment of customs duties. Based on the analysis carried out and taking into account international practice, proposals have been developed for the further development of these institutions.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lanshina_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 19 Dec 2023 09:24:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lanshina_Grebennikova_2023a The paper analyzes how the geopolitical events of 2022 influenced plans for the energy transition in the EU, and how they affected the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in the current conditions, the intention of the EU to carry out the energy transition has not only not weakened, but, on the contrary, has strengthened. The Russian renewable energy industry, which until 2022 developed with a significant lag compared to both developed and developing countries, after February 2022, was in limbo, because a number of Western partners left the industry or intend to leave it, and the search for Eastern partners is complicated by risks, which potential new partners may face when cooperating with Western partners, as well as by the small size of the Russian RES market, which makes potential cooperation meaningless, especially in light of the identified risks. The research methodology consists in the use of general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, etc.). The results of the study contain recommendations for Russia's energy transition policy, which could contribute to the establishment of new economic partnerships between Russia and other countries in the field of modern energy in the long term. One of the most important components of such a policy is to strengthen the nationally determined contribution to the implementation of the Paris Agreement. However, new partnerships are out of the question as long as hostilities continue.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Levashenko_Grebennikova_2023c Tue, 19 Dec 2023 09:18:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Levashenko_Grebennikova_2023c The subject of the research work is legal relations in the fields of regulation of datacirculation; of the use of disruptive digital technologies (for example, blockchain, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), of the development of the platform economy, of the development of digital interaction between economic entities. The relevance of the study is prompted by the implementation of the federal project “Legal regulation of the digital environment”, which provides for the development and adoption of several legal acts aimed at removing the primary barriers against development of the digital economy in such areas as civil circulation, financial technologies, intellectual property, telecommunications, legal proceedings and notaries, standardization, etc. At the same time the project does not set the ambitious goals to remove the existing barriers in the field of the data regulation, which drive the digitalization of the economy, and which are related to, for example, the requirement for total data localization and to the binary approach to the definition of personal data, to create legal conditions for the large-scale implementation of breakthrough digital technologies, with regard to new regulatory requirements (for example, the functioning of artificial intelligence systems) and Russia's leadership in the development of the platform economy. Without solving these problems, it is impossible to ensure the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The novelty of the study is in that it suggests solutions to the tasks of creating a digital economy regulation system in Russia that consider the latest recommendations in this area and current challenges. The objective of the research work is to form proposals for eliminating legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation; the use of breakthrough digital technologies (for example, blockchain, the Internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), the development of platform economy, the development of digital interaction between economic entities. The research methodology includes methods of logical, systemic, and comparative analysis using Russian and foreign legal acts, and analytical materials of competent authors and international organizations. To achieve the objective, the following tasks are to be solved: − analysis of the impact of legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms on creating conditions for digital transformation of the economy. − analysis of the OECD standards for data circulation regulation, use of breakthrough digital technologies (for example, blockchain, internet of things, artificial intelligence, etc.), development of the platform economy, and development of digital interaction between economic entities. − analysis of the approaches of the OECD member states to the task of removing legal barriers to the digital transformation of the economy. − proposals for the elimination of legal barriers in the regulation of data circulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms that impede the digital transformation of the Russian economy, also in the context of the application of restrictive economic measures against Russia, as well as retaliatory measures that may create risks for the development of the digital economy. The research resulted in the development of proposals for the elimination of legal barriers in the circulation regulation, the use of digital technologies, and the operation of digital platforms that impede the digital transformation of the Russian economy. The contribution of the study is prompted by the need to improve Russian legislation on the digital economy.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Knobel_Grebennikova_2023e Tue, 19 Dec 2023 08:58:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Knobel_Grebennikova_2023e Improving the efficiency of firms is one of the most important factors in economic growth. There are studies pointing to a possible increase in the productivity of firms as a result of their involvement in international trade. Partly, these differences are due to the fact that more efficient firms initially enter the international market (selection effect), but beyond this effect there is a direct effect on the productivity of participation in international trade. In addition, there is reason to believe that simultaneous participation in both exporting and importing activities (e.g. as a result of being embedded in value chains) may have a greater effect. Using econometric and analytical methods of data analysis, the heterogeneity of causal relationships between the increase in productivity of enterprises and their export and import status was revealed. However, the paper developed a methodology to identify enterprises whose potential involvement in international trade can contribute most to the growth of their productivity. The results of this research can be used for: the patterns established, as well as quantitative estimates of the magnitude of the effects corresponding to them, can be used to refine the forecasts of the effects of economic policy in the scenario analysis. Estimates of the effects of lowering the barriers to firms' export market entry on the productivity of Russian enterprises.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kosarev_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 19 Dec 2023 08:36:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kosarev_Grebennikova_2023a National development goals achievability analysis, as well as the impact of national projects on the achievement of these goals, has been conducted on an ongoing basis since the signing of Presidential Decree No. 204 of 7.05.2018 and represents a complex task. This study presents an attempt to build such a model based on machine learning methods. Several important points need to be taken into account while building such model: the ability to effectively take into account nonlinear dependencies between factors, the possibility of using large arrays of heterogeneous incoming data, taking into account the influence of macroeconomic factors, as well as the direct results of national projects on indicators of national development goals. With the help of the constructed model, a short-term forecast for 2022 was built for several indicators of national goals. As a part of the model this paper also analyzes the mutual impact of expenditures on national projects, as well as their contribution to the achievement of national development goals.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kovalev_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 18 Dec 2023 09:23:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kovalev_Grebennikova_2023a The relevance of the study is due to the need for intensive implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, the formed demand from large non-core industrial companies, investments of which are attracted for the implementation of these science and money-intensive areas. Subject of research: non-core investment activities of large industrial companies in innovative biotechnology projects. Objective: formation of approaches to the management of the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech healthcare and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by Russian companies. Scientific novelty is determined by the development of new methods, technologies and approaches to managing the process of search, selection, expertise and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology, potentially economically profitable and suitable for scaling by large non-core industrial companies. The research was conducted in 2022, at RANEPA, using a set of analytical methods, questionnaires and programming. Methods: observation; surveying, system analysis, socio-economic analysis; comparative legal analysis; multi-agent systems theory; formal analysis of historical phenomena; elements of expert systems theory, database creation. Results: The results of the analysis of the existing situation with the real practice of organizing the work of large non-core industrial companies in the search, selection, examination and implementation of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology: a summary classifier of the main scientific and practical disciplines in the field of "biotechnology"; a database of innovative projects in the field of high-tech medicine and biotechnology; a form of a Project Sheet submitted for expert evaluation for investment. a base of regulatory normative legal acts; the methodology of the sociological research of organizational approaches of the subjects of the Russian Federation to the development of noncore investments by large industrial companies into innovative projects in the field of development and implementation of medical materials, including biotechnologies. The first results of the sociological research with the proposals from several regions were received. Proposals for the formation of a screening program for preventive laboratory biochemical examination of workers; a business planning procedure for the creation of a multidisciplinary laboratory in the field of biotechnology; methodological recommendations for the examination of the investment project. Database "Electronic base of terms and definitions in the sphere of biotechnology and medicine". Encyclopedic dictionary reference book "Biotechnology: Medical Aspects". Conclusions: In recent years, the biotechnology industry of various kinds has been actively developing in Russia. However, investment by a large industrial company in biotechnology projects as a non-core activity, especially under conditions of a pandemic and when using the mechanism of sanctions, requires the creation of a special methodological apparatus. In this connection, a number of necessary methodological tools were developed in relation to the tasks of non-core activities of a large industrial company. The results of the implementation by a large industrial company of projects in the field of biotechnology, selected from the position of social efficiency and investment attractiveness, will undoubtedly have a pronounced socio-economic effect. Recommendations: The results obtained within the framework of this research can be used in the process of functioning of legislative and executive authorities of the Russian Federation, implementing their powers in the social sphere for the formation of new mechanisms of state policy in the field of health care and market economy in the conditions of pandemic and restrictive measures of economic nature.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Nikulin_Grebennikova_2023c Mon, 18 Dec 2023 09:13:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Nikulin_Grebennikova_2023c The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that suburban agricultural enterprises are becoming innovative ‘locomotives’ of rural development and form the epicenter of the agrarian and economic contradictions in contemporary Russia. The study aims at a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the scale, forms and branches of the suburban and urban agriculture in Russia, and at identifying the technological and social-ecological vectors of its development. The subject of the study is social transformations determined by the technological schemes and industrial-agricultural clusters in the suburban areas of Russian regions. The study combines methods of quantitative (statistical data, secondary analysis) and qualitative approaches (observations, semi-formalized expert interviews) within the case study. The results of the study include the typology of social transformations taking place in cities and their suburban areas with the intensive development of new agricultural practices and enterprises; the demographic characteristics of the employed in such industries; and the most important sectoral and institutional forms of urban and suburban agriculture. The paper concludes that the projects for the creation of new technologies and branches of agricultural production in suburban areas are not so much focused on the immediate commercial goals as motivated by the interests of establishing a system of smallscale agricultural ‘cells’ designed to provide urban families with quality local products. Such a diversification of food production can provide non-standard employment for citizens and increase their level of food security. The novelty of the study is determined by the analysis of the suburban phenomenon not as a reserve-serving territory but as a multifunctional social-economic entity capable of performing both economic-auxiliary and such non-standard functions as the production and organization of social-cultural phenomena in a special rural, social-ecological space. The paper provides some recommendations such as closer links between rural and urban food systems; and a system of special seminars and courses on the basis of agricultural universities in the interests of innovative agricultural enterprises in the suburbs.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Vedev_Grebennikova_2023c Mon, 18 Dec 2023 08:40:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Vedev_Grebennikova_2023c The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the sharp changes in the sectors of the economy caused by the coronavirus pandemic have affected all existing forecasts of socioeconomic development. At the same time, a number of new support measures have appeared, both at the federal level and at the regional level. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the current support measures aimed at the development of economic sectors, taking into account risks and opportunities, which seems to be the most important task for the Russian economy. The purpose of the study was to study the effectiveness of industry support measures in a crisis caused by non-economic reasons. The subject of the study is the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of the economic activity of the Russian Federation. The research method or methodology is to conduct a comprehensive economic analysis, a review of research literature (Russian and foreign), an analysis of foreign practices in providing business support, an assessment of financial stability and the effectiveness of support measures in a pandemic As a result of the work carried out, the effectiveness of support measures in the context of the coronavirus pandemic and their contribution to the restoration of economic activity, both in foreign countries and in federal and regional support measures for Russia, were analyzed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the analysis and application of the experience of foreign countries in Russian realities and the study of the contribution to the Russian economy of the impact of existing support measures. The recommendations obtained as a result of the study indicate the need to calculate the effectiveness of support measures before its introduction. The project was carried out as part of research work by the Laboratory for Structural Research of the IPEI RANEPA under the President of Russian Federation in 2022.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Voloshinskaya_Grebennikova_2023b Mon, 18 Dec 2023 08:34:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Voloshinskaya_Grebennikova_2023b Relevance of the research: modern urban planning policy in Russia creates significant risks in the long term, which include spatially inefficient urban zoning, an increase in the number of personal vehicles and the displacement of public transport, uncontrolled suburbanization and reactionary urban planning policy, a microdistrict approach, etc. In this regard, it becomes especially important to search for effective responses to environmental, social, spatial, economic and other challenges and risks caused by modern urban development trends. The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the long-term risks of the current urban planning policy in Russia, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the best world practices of strategic urban planning, and the development of proposals for Russia's transition to a sustainable (in relation to long-term risks) urban planning policy. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: the paper attempts to carry out comprehensive qualitative and value-content analysis of theoretical approaches to sustainable urban development, identify key risks of long-term urban development in Russia and create a mega-index to assess the sustainability of urban development. Results: it was found that by sustainable urban policy we can understand the implementation of such regulatory measures, urban planning solutions, transport solutions, etc. which have a positive impact on the economy, the environment and the social sphere at the same time. However, in the Russian cities, there is a degradation of urban planning and spatial policy, the formation of micro-district multi-storey buildings, within which there is an alienation of a person from the environment and a “reduction of living space”. The fundamental reason is the short-term planning horizon of both city and regional administrations, businesses, and the population. On the basis of the study, the authors propose recommendations for changing the existing urban planning policy in Russia to mitigate the risks of long-term development: gradual implementation of obligatory character for the Standard for the integrated development of territories developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia and DOM.RF together with KB Strelka; introduction of the urban planning principle -'compact city'; a ban on the development of fields in the suburbs, restrictions on infill development and the transition to complex development; introduction of a moratorium on the construction of high-rise buildings in Russia, with the exception of their construction in special business districts (“city”), within walking distance of high-speed rail transport systems; raising the status and role of urbanists and architects in urban development planning; introduction of a procedure for assessing the long-term impact of construction projects, etc.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Evdokimov_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 18 Dec 2023 08:25:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Evdokimov_Grebennikova_2023a The processes of population concentration in Russian cities lead to a decrease in the population in certain territories, the depopulation of rural settlements and in some cases conflicts with national interests. In this regard, the development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hardto-reach areas seems to be an urgent research task. The purpose of the study is to develop an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas. Among the main tasks to be solved in the course of this study, one can single out: a review of the retrospective and forecast dynamics of the population of Russia in a spatial context; review of theoretical and practical research approaches to the analysis and evaluation of the effects of urbanization processes; development of an approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the containment of labor resources in small settlements and hard-to-reach areas; empirical assessment of socio-economic effects from documents implemented in Russia on the development of individual territories; development of evidence-based recommendations on economic policy. Research method or methodology -systematization and analysis of international literature, economic modeling, econometric analysis. The main results of the study: developed a scientifically based approach to assessing the socio-economic effects of the regulation of migration processes based on the econometric model and the model of spatial equilibrium; an empirical assessment of the socio-economic effects of measures affecting migration flows was carried out, including the following scenarios: expansion of preferential mortgage programs, cash transfers, development of transport infrastructure, changes in the cross elasticity of urban amenities, a scenario of increasing or decreasing the elasticity of substitution for workers of different qualifications. The results obtained allow us to draw a number of conclusions. According to the estimates obtained, a positive effect on migration is exerted by: the size of the population in the region, consumer spending per capita and the availability of transport infrastructure; negative effect - prices in the primary housing market, unemployment rate, crime rate. The greatest magnitude effect (in modulus) falls on consumer spending. Due to the introduction of an optimizing transfer, about 15.7% of the economically active population (11.8 million people) are resettled. This type of migration provides an increase in general welfare by 10.06%. At the same time, the most mobile category of workers, on average, is highly qualified personnel who move from large industrial zones. the population of regions in medium and sparsely populated areas. Low-skilled personnel have limited mobility. The main direction of resettlement for highly skilled workers is from the South-West to the North and East, for low-skilled workers - from the East to the South-West. Preferential mortgage increases the migration inflow in the target regions by 11.6-4.3 thousand people per year, which ensures an increase in GVA by 1.6-4.2 billion rubles, an increase in output by 3.1-8.2 billion rubles. and 1.5-3.8 thousand jobs. An increase in consumer spending may increase the migration inflow in the target regions up to 50 thousand people per year (depending on the conditions of the policy), which ensures an increase in GVA to 18.2 billion rubles, an issue of 35.1 billion rubles. and employment by 16.3 thousand people. The development of road infrastructure reduces the migration outflow in the target regions by 2-7 thousand people per year, which saves the regions 0.7-2.5 billion rubles. GVA, RUB 1.4-5 billion output and 0.7- 2.3 thousand jobs. Further work can be aimed at decomposing the obtained regional results at the municipal level, as well as developing the complexity of the factors taken into account by the proposed models.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Valdes-Vazquez_Valdes-Vazquez_2023a Wed, 13 Dec 2023 18:26:05 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Valdes-Vazquez_Valdes-Vazquez_2023a En el análisis estructural, es esencial que un ingeniero cuente con un profundo conocimiento de las propiedades de una sección transversal, tales como el área, los momentos de inercia y las constantes de torsión. En particular, el cálculo de las constantes de torsión presenta un desafío significativo, ya que, para secciones conocidas, existen fórmulas exactas o aproximadas que facilitan el proceso. Sin embargo, con las actuales tendencias en construcción que incorporan secciones compuestas o de geometría arbitraria, el cálculo de estas constantes se convierte en un reto considerable. Este trabajo se centra, principalmente, en explorar la obtención de las constantes de torsión mediante métodos numéricos, mejorando su precisión en comparación con las propuestas de otros investigadores.

]]> Jesús Gerardo Valdés-Vázquez https://www.scipedia.com/public/of_Vicente_2023a Tue, 12 Dec 2023 12:02:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/of_Vicente_2023a David J. Vicente https://www.scipedia.com/public/Rostislav_Grebennikova_2023b Tue, 12 Dec 2023 09:49:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Rostislav_Grebennikova_2023b The development of agglomerations in Russia is a priority of spatial policy. To enhance agglomeration effects and accelerate the growth of the Russian economy it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of agglomeration effects. To compare the strength of Marshall agglomeration effects using the Ellison-Glaser-Kerr approach, the degree of concentration of Russian industries was measured using data on all organizations without exception as of January 1, 2020. The estimates show that pairs of industries in Russia tend to be dispersed relative to each other: most industries have significantly lower concentration than would be expected based on the overall location of these industries. On average, of the three external benefits of concentration according to Marshall, Russia's large labor market is the most important. Proximity to suppliers/buyers, their diversity is least related to the placement of industries in the same areas. The example of Kaliningrad region shows that regardless of the method of selection of organizations for comparison, there is no truncation of the distribution traits. Although the choice of the geographical unit of observation determines the estimation of the strength or even direction of the net agglomeration effects, the general conclusion about the lack of selection of enterprises, which we could take for the benefit of concentration, was unchanged. To verify this conclusion, we used various methods of territorial grouping of enterprises and the boundaries of clusters (agglomerations) of enterprises were estimated using the DBSCAN method. The resulting estimates of the relationship of concentration to various sources of its external benefits support those public policies that seek to encourage the development of large urban agglomerations with large and constant markets for skilled labor. When forming particularly dense clusters, it is advisable to set activity requirements for areas with a special entrepreneurial regime, which would be consistent with estimates of the intensity of possible knowledge exchange between industries.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Mozgovaya_Grebennikova_2023b Tue, 12 Dec 2023 09:39:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Mozgovaya_Grebennikova_2023b This paper has prepared as result of scientific research ‘The research of sales markups’ comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s financial results’ prepared as part of the state task of the RANEPA for 2022. The aim of this research is valuation the impact of comparative method regulation to the financial results of default electricity suppliers and prepare practical recommendations for improving the methodology of comparative method regulation usage. The research tasks are methodology establishment and estimation of the comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s financial results, and preparing recommendations for the comparative method optimization. The thematic justification consists in necessity to evaluate the practical results of comparative method implication in different aspects of default electricity supplier’s financial results and further development of the comparative method as part of Russian Energy strategy 2035 and realization of tariff transparency policy. The research methods include factor and data analysis, as well as financial analysis. Information (including financial reports) published by default electricity suppliers in accordance with the information disclosure standards was used as the information base of the research. The scientific novelty of the study is establishment and practical approval of methodology of estimation of the comparative method regulation effects for default electricity supplier’s financial results and prepare recommendations for the comparative method optimization. According to the results of the research the increasement of the big part of default electricity suppliers’ financial stability after transition to the comparative method in activity regulation of default electricity suppliers have been revealed. Prospects for further work on the subject of the study are to develop a methodology for reference regulation in other areas of regulated activity.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kurakova_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 12 Dec 2023 09:28:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kurakova_Grebennikova_2023a The relevance of research is determined by the insufficient elaboration of the theoretical justification and methodological approaches to the analysis of the most dynamically developing thematic specialties of social and economic sciences. The purpose of this study is to develop approaches and highlight the trends and frontiers of the socio-economic sciences. The subject of the study is algorithms for assessing trends in socio-economic sciences. The work used theoretical and empirical research methods, including scientometric research methods, content analysis of scientific literature, analysis of opinions of the expert community. The key sources of information were data from three collections of scientific databases WoS CC, Scopus and ESI sampling. The result of the study was the identification of hot spots in the social sciences that are relevant for the middle of 2022. A review of modern methods of natural categorization of scientific research and models for choosing promising topics, as well as a search for services and tools for researching trends, is made. An original methodology for identifying thematic clusters based on algorithms for scientometric analysis and case study mapping has been developed. Among the most dynamically developing thematic areas, clusters have been singled out, which to a greater extent impose high demands and sustainable responses to the great challenges facing the Russian Federation. It was precisely such thematic areas that were given the status of 'frontier'. The conducted research allows to draw conclusions. The problem of identifying promising directions and trends in scientific research is an important task in the formation of national science policy in various countries, including Russia. Operational analysis and forecasting of scientific fronts and technology consumption are today considered as a key element of the country's technological development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a new idea for the selection of frontier thematic areas based on the synthesis of special functions and options of three collections of documents from scientific databases WoS CC, Scopus and ESI sampling. As a recommendation, it is proposed to accept the synonymy of the concepts of 'priority direction', 'trend' and 'frontier' in the conceptual apparatus of the scientific and technological policy of the Russian Federation. The results obtained during the implementation of research work serve as a methodological and research basis for the development of new promising thematic priorities in the field of socio-economic research aimed at achieving ideological sovereignty in the new geopolitical realities.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Grechkina_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 12 Dec 2023 09:14:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Grechkina_Grebennikova_2023a Currently, the issues of providing socially significant services in general have quite extensive regulation, based, among other things, on a significant volume of strategic planning acts. And this is completely objective, since it is this sphere of public administration that is most in demand and sensitive both in the context of the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and its significance for the daily life of citizens. The social orientation of the state to the needs of citizens necessitates a consistent expansion of the availability and quality of socially significant services, which necessitates the formation of new narratives in this area of public relations, including the level of legal security and digital support. In this regard, new strategies and guidelines are emerging in the organization of the functioning of public power aimed at ensuring and implementing one of the basic values of the modern state - orientation to the needs of people, including all its services, which allows us to talk about the strategy of "client-centricity" in public administration, which is directly interrelated with the strategy of a "proactive" state, which is especially relevant in relation to socially significant services. The full and effective implementation of strategies and guidelines in the field of providing socially significant services largely depends on the quality of their legal support, including law enforcement, which makes it possible to raise the question of the need to monitor legislation and law enforcement in the field of socially significant services in the context of the formation of the concept of "client-centricity" in public administration and trends in the development of a new digital legal space. The results of this work can be used: in law-making and law enforcement activities of public authorities for: - improvement of legal regulation in the field of providing socially significant services, including assessment of the current regulatory framework and justification of directions for its improvement; - improvement of law enforcement practice, which will ensure the effectiveness of the provision of socially significant services.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Zhemkova_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 12 Dec 2023 09:08:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Zhemkova_Grebennikova_2023a The paper assesses the impact of the COVID-19 spread and measures of government support on the firms' productivity dynamics, its sectoral and regional heterogeneity. The work is structured as follows: the first section presents an analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 shock on various sectors of the Russian economy, examines the dynamics of firms' performance during the COVID-19, its industry and regional features, and systematizes a list of government measures to support enterprises during the COVID-19. The second section provides a literature review assessing the impact of supply and demand shocks, as well as state support measures on firms' performance, and discusses the basis for analyzing various aspects of firms' productivity. The third section presents the empirical strategy and the results of the empirical assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 shock and the support measures on the productivity of firms, provides within-firm and between-firm effects of COVID-19, its selection and reallocation effects. At the end of the work, the main conclusions of the study and recommendations are presented.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kasyanova_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 12 Dec 2023 09:00:05 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kasyanova_Grebennikova_2023a The Russian wholesale electricity market is divided into two price zones: the European (first) price zone and the Siberian (second) price zone. The pricing mechanisms in the first and second price zones are the same: within each price zone, there is a free competition market between producers, which is provided by a significant transmission capacity of the electrical network. At the same time, the flow between the price zones is insignificant, and the equilibrium prices differ to a large extent, since competitive bidding for electricity and capacity is held separately for each price zone. During the analysis of the spot prices by the price zones a two-level model of stochastic volatility was developed. It was already shown that the dynamics of electricity prices are significantly different in the European and Siberian price zones. The transition to the analysis of reginal prices allows to identify the possible causes of these differences. In particular, one of the analysis tools is the construction of linear regressions of estimates of the coefficients of the stochastic volatility model (calculated for each node/region) on the permanent region’s characteristics (geographical location of the region, shares of TPPs, NPPs and HPPs in the power generation structure, shares TPPs operating on gas and coal, the share of the main sectors of GRP). As a result of evaluating the models for the region-averaged node prices, the differences in average prices, weekly price dynamics, the effect size of holidays, heating degree-days and volumes of industrial production on prices between regions were explained. Analysis of node prices based on regional maps makes it possible to detect weaknesses in the infrastructure of the electric power industry and regions with anomalous dynamics of electricity prices.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Borzykh_Grebennikova_2023a Tue, 12 Dec 2023 08:51:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Borzykh_Grebennikova_2023a The problem of differentiation of HEIs by quality of educational, research and international activities and, as a consequence, of regional educational systems is relevant for Russia. To form a strong network of regional HEIs and to produce personnel whose competences meet the demands of the real sector of economy in the regions requires taking into account the spatial distribution of educational and postgraduate labour migration, specifics of location and quality of HEIs. The study obtained new statistical findings on the impact of the quality of regional educational systems on the volume of postgraduate migration and the propensity of university graduates to migrate to other regions in order to find employment. In addition, the contribution of universities to socio-economic development of regions ("third mission" of universities) has been empirically verified. It has been determined that improving the quality of universities has a positive impact on the propensity of graduates stay in regions where they receive their education, especially from "non-capital" regions. Universities can mitigate migration outflow of graduates and enhance human capital levels in regions by not only improving the quality and efficiency of education, but also by strengthening links with local labour markets through an active traineeship referral policy. Improving the quality of universities can be an additional tool of economic policy to increase regions' capacity to attract and retain qualified and educated young people, and to achieve more balanced spatial development of regions. In order to stimulate economic development in the regions, it is necessary to provide opportunities to improve the quality of the educational system and training of specialists demanded in regional labour markets, as well as to create conditions to encourage universities to provide scientific and expert analytical services to real sector organisations.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Zemlyanskiy_Grebennikova_2023b Mon, 11 Dec 2023 15:46:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Zemlyanskiy_Grebennikova_2023b The research work is devoted to the comprehensive monitoring of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation regions for 9 months of 2022. The relevance and practical significance of the study lies in the need for constant monitoring and diagnostics of the socioeconomic situation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in certain key types of territories due to changes in the socio-economic situation during the pandemic and the growth of sanctions pressure in 2022. The monitoring carried out makes it possible to comprehensively assess the risks of socio-economic development of the country's regions and identify subjects that require increased attention from the federal executive authorities. The main aim of the study: to assess the changes in the socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation in 2021-2022 for the purposes of transforming the state policy in the field of spatial development. In accordance with this aim, the following tasks were determined to be solved within the framework of the study: to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics and level of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2020-2022; analyze and identify the existing disproportions in the socio-economic development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The following were used as key research methods: statistical analysis, economic analysis, mapping and GIS analysis, methods for constructing infographics and comparative analysis. Based on the monitoring results, it was determined that significant changes have occurred in the economic and social development of the regions over the past year. It has been established that according to the results of 9 months of 2022, the territories that were the leaders or the middle peasants in terms of the level of socio-economic development in previous years, as well as those regions that are characterized by a protracted systemic crisis, turned out to be in the worst situation. It is expected that at the end of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 there will be a gradual deterioration of the socio-economic situation, which will be associated with a further expansion of the geography of the recession, which will be accompanied not so much by an increase in negative dynamics in the economy, but by an increase in social problems.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gromov_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 11 Dec 2023 15:40:04 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Gromov_Grebennikova_2023a Topical issues of the Russian state tax policy are referred to reducing administrative burden and increasing tax collection by means of information technologies being combined with the functions of tax authorities. Measures like that are usually included in the concept of digitalization. For recent years it has become one of the main priorities for the Federal Tax Service of Russia which are now strongly focused on increasing the transparency of financial and economic activities as well simplification of tax payment rules. And a single tax account represents a notable innovation in the area of the Russian tax administration. Objective and comprehensive analysis of its mechanism opens up a new direction in the study of tax digitalization which has a number of outstanding problems. The aim of the working paper is to formulate proposals concerning the pace of implementation of the single tax account on the basis of a balanced approach that takes into account the interests of both the state and economic entities. For this purpose, we identify advantages and benefits of tax payments consolidation along with limitations and risks. According to the results of the study we conclude that drastic mass implementation of the single tax account as a mandatory procedure for paying taxes outstrips the readiness of businesses to use it and can cause difficulties due to both possible technological failures for government and partial loss of control over financial flows for businesses. From this we argue that the better practice would be extending the experiment instead of accelerating the reform. Our recommendations are also to save the usual procedure for paying taxes until broad feedback is used for timely elimination of interaction shortcomings.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Svetlov_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 11 Dec 2023 09:44:02 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Svetlov_Grebennikova_2023a The current stage of regulation of the domestic market of agricultural products using foreign trade restrictions, associated with the growth of world food prices in 2020-2022 solves the problem of preventing the transfer of growth in world prices to domestic prices. The need to assess the impact of the regulatory tools used on the state of agricultural producers forms a hypothesis and determines the relevance of the study. Objective: to assess the impact of foreign trade instruments for regulating the agricultural market on the state of its producers. Object: producers of agricultural products. Subject: production, consumption, export and import of agricultural products. The study was carried out at the Center of Agro-Food Policy, RANEPA, 2022. Methods and data: data from Rosstat, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Federal Tax Service of Russia, Federal Customs Service of Russia, Bank of Russia, FAS USDA, CEPII. The data and regulatory documents used, links to which are placed in the text of the study, are relevant as of May 2022. Methods of economic and statistical analysis were used during the study Results: assessment of the current regulation of the domestic market of agricultural goods and the prerequisites for the use of alternative instruments. Conclusions. The introduced export duty on grain crops performs a fiscal function and, in part, a regulatory function in terms of reducing domestic prices. The direct effect of the introduction of export customs duties is a multiple of the fiscal effect of the current tax system. There are disproportions in the distribution of the amount of collected duties - in regions with developed chains of vertical integration, the cost recovery rate per 1 ton is higher than in regions where the produced grain is fully sold on the market. The level of marketability of production has a significant impact on the amount of support. The transition to determining the amount of subsidies using the maximum level of co-financing of the expenditure obligation of the subject of the federation leads to a significant decrease in the funds received by manufacturers in regions with a high level of budgetary security. Research prospects. The analysis carried out serves as a basis for studying the effectiveness of domestic market regulation instruments, alternative to foreign trade restrictions.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Yuzhakov_Grebennikova_2023b Mon, 11 Dec 2023 09:30:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Yuzhakov_Grebennikova_2023b Nowadays none country in the world has developed a holistic regulatory approach to regulation of artificial intelligence use. Meanwhile, in the digital landscape the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound relevance of the need to simultaneous development of legal protection of human rights in mastery of technology and artificial intelligence capabilities by public administration. In this regard the objectives of this paper are to analyze the current state of legal regulation of AI use in public administration and to formulate of proposals for legal groundwork for preventing and overcoming the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. As a part of the study scientific publications on this topic, international and national laws and regulations, including foreign countries have been analyzed. The main results of the preprint are the results of the analysis of the state of legal regulation of AI use in public administration; the results of the analysis of potential risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration; the author's systematization of the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration, as varied the institutional system of rights protection; the proposals for legal means to prevent and overcome the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. The study allows for the conclusion about the lack of attention to the human rights aspect in forecasting, regulating and using of AI in public administration as well as the necessity to design a system of legal means to prevent and overcome the risks of human rights violations due to the use of AI in public administration. The lack of proper regulation of AI use in public administration, which involves the risks of human rights violations, determines the scientific novelty and potential practical significance of the study brought to attention of readers. The author's concept involves the promotion of a human-centered approach to the use of artificial intelligence technology in public administration. Its findings and results can be taken into account and used for the formulation and state policy implementation in ensuring human rights due to the use of AI in the Russian public administration.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Talapina_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 11 Dec 2023 09:04:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Talapina_Grebennikova_2023a Ensuring fundamental human rights is a constitutional duty of the Russian state. In digital age the risks of human rights violations are increasing, which is gained newfound relevance of the need to implement a consistent state policy, especially with data processing in providing public services in a new proactive mode. The objective of this paper is to analyze legal regulation and develop a legal framework of data processing in the interests of providing proactive public services. The subject of the study is scientific publications, international and national laws and regulations, including foreign countries. The study is used formal legal and historical legal methods, method of legal interpretation as well as comparative legal method and statistical methods. The results of the study are the author's concept and typology of proactive public services, an assessment of the regulatory competence of bodies providing proactive public services, proposals for the application of the theory of informational self-determination in the context of providing proactive public services, proposals for the differentiation of legal regimes of personal data and big data processing for providing proactive public services, and what is more, legal analysis findings of data security used in proactive public service delivery. The main result of the study is a legal framework of data processing that responds to both the active intentions of a body providing a service and the subjective rights of an applicant who is a data owner. The study allows for the conclusion about the insufficient enshrinement in national legislation of the proactive public service delivery mode implemented in practice, which, meanwhile, has significant differences from the reactive mode previously implemented into the legislation. Particularly important differences relate to personal data processing and the enshrinement of general requirements for proactive public services. It is necessary to promptly develop the regulatory framework based on principles address both the rights to personal citizen data and the possibility of the state to obtain it in order to establish a regular state function to provide public services in a new format. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the lack of regulation of the public service delivery process in the proactive mode as well as the lack of empirical research of conceptual framework of the process. Based on the results of the study recommendations are to use the findings in the formation of an appropriate regulatory framework and state policy in digital public administration and data processing in the provision of proactive public services.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Chernyakova_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 11 Dec 2023 08:39:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Chernyakova_Grebennikova_2023a Deepening digitalization leads to increasing involvement of people in pastimes and activities on various platforms, and, accordingly, a significant increase in the income of individuals from YouTube (YouTube), VK, and other similar sources of income through subscriptions, donations, advertising, etc. The changes that began in Russia in the spring of 2022, changes in the composition of digital income sources (change in the number of foreign sources, reorientation to Asian platforms, and the growth in the number of popular Russian platforms), do not change the essence of the situation with the need to control digital income. The coronavirus pandemic has changed many areas of life and the activities of individuals, companies, and countries. It should be noted that the coronavirus pandemic, in which people were in self-isolation, and some people lost their jobs, also contributed to a significant increase in income from the respective platforms. Another modern trend is the widespread use of self-employed regimes in the economy, the work of people outside labor contracts. The use of these regimes not only simplifies the involvement of individuals in legal business activities but also provides additional opportunities for tax evasion. The most striking example is the Uber case in the UK. The expansion of the use of cryptocurrencies and the beginning of the actual taxation of income from cryptocurrencies is also another modern trend. All the above trends indicate the relevance of the work and require detailed analysis, based on the results of which it is advisable to adjust the tax legislation of Russia. The subject of the study is the income of individuals received from sources that exist in digital form. The main goal of the study is to modernize some aspects of the current system of taxation of individuals to ensure the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation and the fiscal interests of the state. The main tasks to be solved within the framework of the study: an overview of the main modern changes in the world and Russia that affect or may affect the taxation of individuals; identification and analysis of modern trends in the taxation of individuals in the world; identification and analysis of additional modern trends in the taxation of individuals, characteristic of Russia; preparation of proposals for improving the taxation of individuals in Russia. Research methods - a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition, namely, system analysis, the method of analogy, and the general logical method of generalization, comparative legal, structural, and functional analysis. The sources of information in the study are research materials of Russian and foreign scientists, legislative bases, websites of tax authorities of the countries of the world, the information presented on the digital platforms themselves, the media, and other sources. The scientific novelty of the study is primarily due to the novelty of the very issue of obtaining significant income for individuals from sources that exist in digital form. In addition, the scientific novelty of the study is due to 7 the analysis of the latest scientific research on this issue, as well as the latest changes in tax legislation and initiatives of the tax authorities of foreign countries on the topic of the study. It should be noted that regulation in the field of cryptocurrencies is only being formed in the world. The result of the work will be the preparation of proposals for improving the legislative framework for taxation and administration of income of individuals in Russia received from sources that exist in digital form. As a result of the analysis of foreign experience, the following conclusions were drawn both at the country level and the OECD level, there is a tendency to involve platforms in the fulfillment of tax obligations by taxpayers when they receive income in digital form. However, the level of platform engagement varies. This is how Youtube withholds tax on the income of individuals at the source, and for example, Twitch and Patreon accumulate information about the income received by individuals and share it with taxpayers and the tax service, leaving the obligation to pay tax for individuals. In terms of advertising, it can be said that there are several options for the interaction of creators with advertising companies, in some cases, such interaction can be qualified as labor activity. Accordingly, the taxation of income received may vary. We point out that from September 1, 2022, amendments to the law on advertising came into force in Russia, which can fill with practical meaning the theoretical possibility of various taxation of income from the interaction of creators with advertising companies. Also interesting is the experience in terms of dividing a person's activities into hobbies and entrepreneurship and, accordingly, the difference in taxation. In terms of cryptocurrencies, the initiatives of Asian countries are primarily interesting. As recommendations, it seems appropriate to consider foreign experience in terms of the taxation of such individuals as bloggers and streamers, and the involvement of digital platforms in the fulfillment by individuals of their tax obligations. In the future, this work can become the basis for work to improve the taxation of the entire system for obtaining relevant income, including not only individuals but also companies.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Yuzhakov_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 11 Dec 2023 08:18:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Yuzhakov_Grebennikova_2023a The relevance of the study relates to the context of increasing use of government-regulated, initiated, conducted or supported by government experiments, there is a need to evaluate their effectiveness and efficiency to ensure the quality of government. The objective of the paper is assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of experiments, including experimental legal regimes, in the public administration of the Russian Federation and developing proposals for improving the application of this public administration tool in order to ensure its effectiveness and efficiency. The subject of this research is legal regulation and experimentation in the practice of public administration in the Russian Federation. Research methods include analytical methods (comparative legal, structural and functional analysis, content analysis, synthesis), statistical methods, and legal and technical methods. The results of the study include an analysis of data on legal regulation and the practice of conducting experiments in the public administration of the Russian Federation for 2021-2022; assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency, as well as proposals for improving the use of this public administration tool in order to ensure the achievement of the national development goals of the Russian Federation. The research allows us to draw the following conclusions. In the Russian practice of applying experiments in public administration, there is no systematic assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency, both at the stage of their development and at the stage of their implementation. In the absence of such an assessment, it is impossible to make informed decisions about the appropriateness of both conducting experiments and scaling the results obtained; their contribution to the achievement of the national development goals of the country is not obvious either. The scientific novelty of the research lies in assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of experiments in the public administration of the Russian Federation for 2021-2022. Recommendations based on the results of the study are related to the need exclude the adoption of programs for conducting experiments and regulations on their conduct that do not contain performance and efficiency indicators, their basic and target values; legislatively establish the procedure for publishing reports on the results of experiments in the field of public administration, including an assessment of their effectiveness and efficiency (with the exception of cases where the subject of the experiments is information constituting a state secret); legally distinguish between the concepts of effectiveness and success of experiments; establish the expediency of replicating the results of only those experiments, the success of which - including for the implementation of national development goals - has been proven based on the results of their implementation. 

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Korol_Grebennikova_2023a Mon, 11 Dec 2023 08:07:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Korol_Grebennikova_2023a The task of increasing the effectiveness of economic policy and identifying the reasons for the success or failure of reforms, in particular in the field of sectoral regulation, remains topical both for practitioners – developers of new laws and for researchers. Canadian economist Claude Menard and a number of other followers of the new institutional economics are looking for a solution to this problem within the framework of meso-institutions – an intermediate link between the institutional environment (macro-institutions) and institutional agreements (micro-institutions). The concept of meso-institutions is not well-established, and even in the works of Claude Menard himself, it is evolving. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of the mesoinstitutional level of analysis based on a review of studies on the factors of sustainable functioning and regulatory reforms in the international practice of industry development. A generalized definition of meso-institutions is formulated as following: meso-institutions are a set of mechanisms (regulatory rules) and tools/devices (organizations, such as a regulatory agency) that define the field of possible and permitted transactions between economic agents within the framework of general macro-rules, that ensure the performance of the functions of structuring relations, specifying and adapting rules, monitoring, as well as ensuring their execution. In addition, two directions of practical application of this theoretical development were identified: analysis of the causes of reform failures, and determination of the advantages and disadvantages of comparative institutional alternatives for interaction between business and the state in the sphere of regulation of industries. The comparative effectiveness of alternative meso-institutions depends on the conditions of the institutional environment, consisting of both formal and informal norms, on the structure of the industry, the forms of institutional agreements prevailing in it, and other factors.

]]> Elisaveta Grebennikova https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lundkvist_et_al_2023a Tue, 05 Dec 2023 10:43:19 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Lundkvist_et_al_2023a One of the main challenges in the development of lithium-ion batteries is mitigating the decrease in charge capacity over time. The loss of charge capacity in lithium-ion batteries stem from different phenomena, one of which is mechanical degradation. This study uses the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the mechanical properties of a positive electrode layer. The goal is to link the local mechanical behaviour, on the particle scale, to the global behaviour of the electrode layer. Understanding the coupling between length scales is crucial for understanding and reducing the mechanical degradation and as the active particles, and the binder connecting it, form a granular structure in the electrode layer, DEM is a well-suited method to apply. The DEM model developed considered both interaction between active particles, as well as interaction between particles separated by binder. This study targeted to replicate the in-plane unloading stiffness of the electrode layer, which had been measured experimentally by Gupta et al. [1] through a U-shape bending test. The experiments measured the stiffness both in compression and in tension at various strain levels and load rates. The developed model was able to capture the constant stiffness in tension at different strain levels and the stiffness increase at higher compression levels markedly. The viscoelastic behaviour of the layer, with an increased stiffness at increased load rates, could be captured quantitatively by increasing the binder stiffness. This work lays an excellent foundation for further investigations of the mechanical properties of the active layer and its mechanical degradation mechanisms, such as viscoelasticity in the binder and swelling and fracture of the active particles.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Hernandez-Martinez_et_al_2023a Mon, 04 Dec 2023 19:06:04 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Hernandez-Martinez_et_al_2023a The load effects to which bridge systems and structural elements are subjected to due to vehicular passage are estimated using live load models contained in bridge design codes. Those live load models are frequently derived for girder bridges subjected to shear forces and bending moments. However, other type of bridges, as truss bridges and others, can be subjected to other forces too, for instance axial loads and other effects. In Mexico, in past decades 3D-truss bridges based on a structural system known as “Tridilosa” were designed and built. The live load models to analyze them were widely used to design girder bridges; moreover, the traffic at the time may differ from more recent trucks and vehicles. This paper investigates the adequacy of live load models from codified design to represent load forces on the referred 3D-truss bridges, as compared to realistic Mexican traffic from WIM (weigh-in-motion) data. The results show that live load models in bridge codes are not necessarily adequate to assess forces in the existing 3D-truss (“Tridilosa”) bridges in Mexico.

]]> Jesús Gerardo Valdés-Vázquez https://www.scipedia.com/public/Draft_Sanchez Pinedo_967829314 Mon, 04 Dec 2023 11:40:27 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Draft_Sanchez Pinedo_967829314 Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical method that evaluates the interaction between particles and particle-boundaries [1]. The accuracy of the DEM simulations depends on several interaction parameters such as sliding friction and rolling friction coefficients. Most recent studies have shown that a draw down test can provide four criteria: angle of repose, shear angle, mass in the upper/lower box after test is done and mass flow rate that were used to calibrate bulk material sliding friction and rolling friction coefficients [2-3]. In general, these studies have used a fix aperture size of the upper box leading to a specific behaviour flow regime. In this study, three different flow regimes have been studied to evaluate if one set of unique parameters can reproduce the same response for these scenarios. A draw down test was carried out using gravel with particle size between 8-12.5 mm. The aperture size used were 50, 100 and 150 mm. During the test, the transient load was measured using a load cell in the upper box and pictures were taken after the test was done. DEM simulations were performed using the EDEM software where a single spherical and multi-sphere particle shape were used to obtain draw down calibration parameters by varying sliding friction and rolling friction parameters between 0.1 to 0.8 with an step of 0.1. When overlapping the four bulk criteria from 100 and 150 mm in aperture size using single sphere, it was possible to obtain a unique set of parameters. However, for 50 mm there was no overlapping which may indicate that using single sphere might not be accurate for all flow regimes. When using multi-sphere particle, the overlap led to a wide range of sliding friction coefficient for all cases, and although when overlapping the three scenarios there was no feasible region, it shows a tendency where a unique set of parameters might provide an approximate solution for all cases.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kandpal_Vangla_2023a Mon, 04 Dec 2023 11:34:19 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kandpal_Vangla_2023a The development of more accurate force prediction models developed through particle-level experiments is required to accurately model non-dilative interfaces from micro to macro. Further, selecting reliable input parameters for DEM remains a challenge. Thus, micromechanical experimental studies are of fundamental importance that can provide insights into microscale aspects for in-depth knowledge of non-dilative interfaces. This study presents custom-designed, reliable, and sensitive equipment that facilitates shear tests for non-dilative interfaces under different configurations that simulate suitable conditions for geotechnical applications. This research offers a logical rationale for the non-dilative interface system's observed shear behavior.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Geitani_et_al_2023a Mon, 04 Dec 2023 11:07:42 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Geitani_et_al_2023a Currently existing computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) solvers suffer from computationally expensive coupling between the CFD and DEM as it requires calculating at each fluid time-step the void fraction and the solid-fluid forces such as drag, lift, buoyancy, and undisturbed flow forces. We develop a unified finite element CFD-DEM solver which integrates the CFD and DEM solvers into a single software resulting in faster and cheaper coupling. Our fluid formulation is stabilized using tailored techniques to prevent oscillations in regions of sharp gradients, to enhance the robustness of the formulation and local mass conservation, and to relax the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi inf-sup condition. The developed solver supports high order finite elements resulting in better accuracy with larger cell sizes. Moreover, our solver supports dynamic load balance parallelization for both the particles and the fluid. This evens the distribution of workloads among processors, resulting in better efficiency and resource exploitation. Additionally, we develop a new spatially and temporally continuous analytical void fraction scheme called Quadrature-Centered Method (QCM). This scheme results in less computational time, better accuracy and convergence, and enhanced mass conservation. It also enables the use of very small CFD time-steps thus achieving better temporal accuracy and the use of mesh sizes smaller than those commonly used in CFD-DEM (< 3 times the particle diameter.) We validate our solver through several cases among which we will discuss a spouted bed test case where particle velocities matched those of the experiments, a particle sedimentation test case where we study the effect of the void fraction scheme choice on the particle’s terminal velocity, and a particle Rayleigh-Taylor Instability where the particles constituted the heavy phase and where we study the evolution of the mixing layer with time.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Barbeau_et_al_2023a Mon, 04 Dec 2023 10:54:53 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Barbeau_et_al_2023a The hydrodynamic interactions between particles have significant effects in many engineering fields, such as fluidized beds and slurry sedimentation. This is because they can impact the macroscopic process parameters of these systems (e.g., particles' cluster sedimentation speed) [1-2]. To better understand the hydrodynamic interaction between particles and its effects on macroscopic process parameters, it is necessary to understand the hydrodynamic force interactions between individual particles as a function of their relative position and velocity. The first step in this direction is the interaction between a pair of particles, which remains an active area of research. It is established that drag and lift forces applied on a particle change in function of its relative position and velocity to another particle. However, the impact of these changes on their dynamics is limited. We first study the effects of the relative position between the particles and the Reynolds number on the drag and lift forces applied to them to constitute a pairwise fluid force model. This force model is the basis for a new reduced-order particle dynamics model that also includes lubrication, Basset, and added mass forces. We compare the results obtained for a series of sedimentation cases with the reduced-order model with those obtained from a resolved computational fluid dynamic solver coupled with a discrete element method (CFD-DEM) [3]. Comparing the fluid forces obtained between these to the model enables us to assess the impact of the particles' relative motion on the hydrodynamic forces applied to them (e.g., drag, lift, and forces). These sedimentation cases also allow us to evaluate the effects of the density ratio between the particle and the fluid on the virtual mass force and its impact on the dynamic of the particles. This study is a stepping stone toward a complete model for hydrodynamic forces in particle clusters.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kloss_et_al_2023a Mon, 04 Dec 2023 10:46:21 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kloss_et_al_2023a Discrete Element Method (DEM) and DEM coupled to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD-DEM) are established techniques for optimization and design of particle processes. Its applicability to a wide range of processes has been proven for many different industrial and environmental applications. The extension to new fields and processes has been made possible by continuous improvements of: (i) models, (ii) numerical methods and (iii) computational performance. DEM and CFD-DEM have evolved from pure “particle modelling tools” to numerical tools to model “particulate flow””. Combining the Lagrangian nature of discretization with complex interaction models, the behaviour of viscous pastes, compressible powders, melting polymers just to name a few, has become feasible. Additionally much attention has been given to improvement of numerical aspects, which led to improved stability and therefore applicability of the models. Last but not least, the computational efficiency and possibility to make use of available computational resources has boosted the technology to new levels. The authors give their perspective on some corner-stones and highlights in modelling and development that were made in the past few years, which lead to this break-through and give some concrete examples of current state of the art modelling capability. Based on this solid foundation that has been build, new goals are within reach and the authors will give some insight on future opportunities for this modelling technology.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Han_et_al_2023b Mon, 04 Dec 2023 10:38:58 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Han_et_al_2023b Interacting particle systems are ubiquitous in nature and engineering. Access to the governing particle interaction law is of fundamental importance for a complete understanding of such systems. However, it is particularly challenging to extract this information from experimental observations due to the intricate configuration complexities involved. Machine learning methods have the potential to learn the behavior of interacting particle systems by combining experiments with data analysis methods. However, most existing algorithms focus on learning the kinetics at the particle level and do not learn the pairwise interactions specifically. Moreover, in reality, interacting particle systems are often heterogeneous, where multiple interaction types coexist simultaneously and relational inference is required. An approach that can simultaneously reveal the hidden pairwise interaction types and infer the unknown heterogeneous governing interactions constitutes a necessary advancement for our understanding of particle systems. However, this task is considerably more challenging than its homogeneous counterpart. Here, we propose the physics-induced graph network for particle interaction (PIG'N'PI) allowing to precisely infer the pairwise interactions that are consistent with underlying physical laws by only being trained to predict the particle acceleration for homogeneous systems. We further propose a novel method for relational inference which combines probabilistic inference and PIG'N'PI to learn different kinds of interactions for heterogeneous systems. We test the proposed methodologies on multiple benchmark datasets and demonstrate that the learnt interactions are consistent with the underlying physics and the proposed relational inference method achieves superior performance in correctly inferring interaction types. In addition, the proposed model is data-efficient and generalizable to large systems when trained on small systems, contrary to previously proposed solutions. The developed methodology constitutes a key element for the discovery of the fundamental laws that determine macroscopic mechanical properties of particle systems.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Giannis_2023a Mon, 04 Dec 2023 10:27:45 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Giannis_2023a This study focused on investigating the deformation behavior of non-spherical particles under high-load compaction, utilizing the multi-contact discrete element method (MC-DEM). To account for the non-spherical shape of the particles, two methods were employed: the bonded multi-sphere method (BMS) and the conventional multi-sphere (CMS). The BMS approach yielded accurate results in predicting the compression behavior of a single rubber sphere, while the CMS method failed to replicate the same behavior. Building on these findings, the BMS method was utilized to study the uniaxial compaction of Avicel® PH 200, a popular choice of excipient due to its ability to enhance the stability, flowability, and compressibility of tablet formulations. The results obtained from this study showed very good agreement with experimental data. To generate realistic 3D models of particles, a novel approach was introduced, which combines 2D projections and deep learning algorithms utilizing a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology. Surrogate model was used to overcome the computational cost of DEM simulations. The findings of this study offer a valuable tool for researchers and engineers to efficiently and accurately generate 3D models of particles, leading to new insights and innovations in a range of applications such as rock and mineral analysis, battery materials, pharmaceuticals, and space exploration.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Liu_2023b Fri, 01 Dec 2023 16:35:48 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Liu_2023b Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Andrade_2023b Fri, 01 Dec 2023 16:22:23 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Andrade_2023b Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morikawa_Asai_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 16:14:41 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Morikawa_Asai_2023a The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a numerical scheme in which the domain is discretized into Lagrangian particles in the context of continuum mechanics. It has been widely used for fluid dynamics problems, and recently it has also been applied to solid mechanics with reasonable success. In this work, we present a total Lagrangian SPH (TL-SPH) for the application of solid mechanics and contact problems. Total Langrangian stands for the usage of the reference configuration to calculate the spatial derivatives. As a consequence, all particles maintain a perfect distribution, which, in turns, results in highly accurate calculations. In this way, the method is able to eliminate any problem related to tensile instability, which is one of the main shortcomings of SPH. Here, we introduce a simple, yet robust, way to include finite strain elastoplasticity into the TL-SPH method based on the logarithmic strain. Then, the elastic part can be easily defined with the Hencky elastic model, and the plastic part with any yield criteria such as Drucker-Prager. In addition, we develop a contact algorithm capable of simulating solid-solid contact problems. In this way, the simulation of different objects becomes a mix of continuous and discontinuous problems. Finally, we show the applicability of the method with several simple tests to validate the accuracy of the TL-SPH for simulating the elastoplastic solid material, as well as for contact problems including direct impact and friction effects. REFERENCES [1] Morikawa D.S. Toward robust landslide simulations from initiation to post-failure using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Kyushu University PhD thesis (2022).

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Varga_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:59:05 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Varga_2023a The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is a numerical approach that deals with the motion and interactions of individual elements. This method is mainly used in particle mechanics because it is overshadowed by other techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) when dealing with continuous problems. For this reason, it is not commonly known among structural engineers. However, its use can be found in cases that combine particle and continuum mechanics problems, such as crack propagation in reinforced concrete members. Calculating and optimizing these types of problems using FEM is challenging due to frequent mesh changes or the requirement for difficult-to-detect parameters in standard practice. This post discusses the possibility of using the DEM method with an extension of the beam-bound model (BBM). In this method, a beam element is inserted between the bounded discrete elements to transfer all types of forces and moments. The problem of this method is to define the correct cross-sectional and material characteristics of the individual beam members. In study, we focus on the determination of these parameters and the verification of this method on model examples of reinforced concrete elements such as simply supported and fixed beams.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Anton_Wessels_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:53:01 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Anton_Wessels_2023a The identification of material parameters occurring in material models is essential for structural health monitoring. Due to chemical and physical processes, building structures and materials age during their service life. This, in turn, leads to a deterioration in both the reliability and quality of the structures. The material parameters indicate possible damage and material degradation, as they directly reflect the resistance of the structure to external impacts. We further developed physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) [1] for the calibration of the linear-elastic material model from full-field displacement data and global force data in a realistic regime [2]. For a realistic data regime, the optimization problem had to be conditioned. The advantage of this method is a straightforward inclusion of observation data. Unlike grid-based methods, such as the least square finite element method approach, no computational grid and no interpolation of the data are required. However, directly solving inverse problems using PINNs is computationally expensive and prone to realistic noise levels in the measurement data. Moreover, the PINN must be trained completely from scratch for each new full-field displacement measurement, even if the geometry and material of the structure remain unchanged. In our ongoing work, we are therefore focusing on learning parameterized solutions of parametric partial differential equations using PINNs, such as [3]. We further investigate the ability of parametric PINNs to act as a surrogate for the identification of material parameters from full-field displacement data. By learning parameterized solutions, the PINN does not need to be completely re-trained for each full-field displacement measurement. The calibration of the material model can thus be drastically accelerated, and information about the material condition can be provided near real-time. Furthermore, we also plan to apply the parametric PINN to more complex material models, such as those for hyper-elastic and elasto-plastic materials.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Safdar_et_al_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:48:32 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Safdar_et_al_2023a The collision of ships remains a significant cause of accidents, resulting in severe environmental consequences such as oil spillage from oil tankers. Enhancing the crashworthiness of ship structural design is crucial, and one approach being explored is the filling of the double hull structure with granular material [1]. Coating these particles with environmentally friendly materials can optimize their ability to absorb kinetic energy and transfer loads from the outer to the inner hull [2]. However, the mechanical behavior of the coated particles depends on the type of coating material, posing challenges in developing numerical simulation models. To address this, an open-source Discrete Element Method (DEM) code called MUSEN [3] is utilized to numerically model the behavior of coated particles. Furthermore, MUSEN can be extended using the Bonded Particle Method (BPM) to simulate particle breakage through solid bridges. However, the inclusion of coating material in the model increases the number of parameters, as well as computational time and cost. This requires a robust methodology to characterize the mechanical behaviour regardless of the type of coating material with reduced computational cost, keeping in mind the actual application inside the ship double hull. Sensitivity analyses and parametric studies are conducted to understand the effect of input parameters and identify the influential ones. Subsequently, algorithms such as the Particle Swarm Algorithm are employed for parameter optimization. Finally, models of different fidelity are used to compare the results from multi particle compression tests. The findings from these simulations will be presented in this contribution

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Staercke_et_al_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:45:12 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Staercke_et_al_2023a Several strategies have been proposed for high performance computing with DEM. Yet, quite few works have been published on this topic (e.g., [1-3]), compared to the extensive use of DE simulations as a modelling tool in research and industry. This is however not surprising, since granular media at the grain scale appear as highly evolutive and disordered systems, which makes effective parallelisation a challenging task. We present an approach which exploits an inherent limitation of DE simulations, as the opportunity for an efficient and flexible parallel implementation on distributed memory computers. Namely, the “numerical sound speed” set by the representative particle diameter and the time step defines an upper bound for the celerity at which perturbations can propagate across the discrete medium. We show how this numerical artefact (of negligible importance for most applications) can be turned into an original criterion of spatial domain decomposition, which leads to a DEM-suited parallelisation scheme. We present our approach through its actual implementation into the DEM’ocritus code [4,5]. We analyse its performance through benchmarks and parametric analyses of biaxial tests, on assemblies of up to 15 million circular particles.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Harutyunyan_et_al_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:35:50 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Harutyunyan_et_al_2023a Modeling of soil-tool interaction for industrial applications involves the coupling of soil models, mostly based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM), with multibody systems, representing construction machinery such as excavators or wheel loaders. To obtain accurate predictions of reaction forces on tools like wheel loader buckets, it is essential to have an appropriate parametrization procedure, which makes use of data obtained from laboratory tests such as the triaxial compression test or direct shear test for different types of soil. Simulations with suitable DEM-softwares can then be validated against the experimental data to assess the applicability and performance of the numerical methods [2, 3] The DEM software GRAnular Physics Engine (GRAPE) developed at Fraunhofer ITWM in Germany has been successfully used to simulate compression and shear tests and has been proven to yield good predictions of the soil-tool interaction and draft forces [4] for spherical particles such as coarse sand. A year-long collaboration with the Fraunhofer-Chalmers Centre (FCC) in Sweden has successfully resulted in the development of a soil simulation toolbox for FCC’s general purpose DEM solver Demify® incorporating and enhancing the simulation techniques used in GRAPE [1]. Co-simulation is enabled through an FMI interface coupling Demify® with multibody systems modeled e.g., in Simulink to evaluate relevant variables such as forces at critical linkage joints of the construction machines. To model real-life application scenarios, the entire workflow must be considered, from the soil parametrization process, to setting the particulate soil model and performing numerical simulations for the specific problem, to the final post-processing to analyze the load data. We will characterize and discuss the different steps of the workflow and present simulation results obtained with the toolbox Demify® for Heavy Machinery. 

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kamrin_2023a Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:32:30 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kamrin_2023a Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Santos_et_al_2023b Fri, 01 Dec 2023 15:25:18 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Santos_et_al_2023b Applications requiring materials with layer-to-layer strength, from basketry to thermal protection systems, use interlaced, three-dimensional woven materials. NASA is developing and deploying woven material heat shields for missions, including Artemis I (3D-MAT for compression pads) and potentially Mars Sample Return - Earth Entry System. These materials are complex, hierarchical and must protect from extreme environments and phenomena, such as deformation, impact and high-enthalpy heating. Woven material performance depends on microstructure, damage and weave geometry. Therefore, fiber-specific models are needed to simulate fiber contacts within the weave hierarchical geometry (fiber to tow to yarn to weave) and the inherent directionality of fibers. Explicit fiber models can simulate how weave microstructure evolution affects thermal and mechanical properties. We parameterize a discrete element bonded particle models (DEM-BPM) of fibers to capture thermal and mechanical behavior within and between fibers, with bonded and contact forces, respectively. We study the proportion of heat transfer and stress via the contact network, fiber bonds and the weave geometry, for example, with respect to yarn warp-weft identity (whether it interlaces weave layers). Our results demonstrate the importance of explicit fiber modeling for connecting microstructure with thermal and mechanical properties.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Araujo-Inastrilla_Viton-Castillo_2023a Thu, 30 Nov 2023 21:06:03 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Araujo-Inastrilla_Viton-Castillo_2023a Objective. The scientific production indexed in Scopus on Blockchain in health sciences was characterized from 2012 to 2021. Design/Methodology/Approach. A bibliometric study of the scientific production related to Blockchain technology in health sciences was carried out andindexed in Scopus from 2012 to 2021. Bibliometric indicators of productivity, impact, and collaboration were used. The SciVal, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel tools were used to process and present the information. Results/Discussion. Between 2012 and 2021, 1,543 articles were published on the subject studied, with an average of 14.9 citations per publication. Scientific production increased until 2021, as did the number of authors. International collaboration fluctuated. The most frequent terms related to Blockchain were the Internet of things, smart contracts, and cryptography. India, China, and the United States led the collaborations, and authors of Asian origin predominated. Conclusions. The scientific production of Blockchain in health has grown due to its transformative potential in health systems, with an interest in the security and traceability of medical data.

]]> Carlos Rafael Araujo-Inastrilla https://www.scipedia.com/public/Giraldo_2023a Fri, 24 Nov 2023 03:03:05 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Giraldo_2023a This article presents a consolidated quarterly analysis of adverse events associated with medications in Colombia, compiled through the online platform designed for reporting these incidents. The primary focus of the report centers on segmentation by departments, providing a detailed overview of the incidence of adverse events in different regions of the country. The study reveals significant patterns in the geographical distribution of adverse events, highlighting substantial variations between departments. Variables such as gender, quantity of events, possible causes, and specific factors are identified, showing a higher prevalence of adverse events in certain areas, providing valuable information for decision-making in public health and the implementation of preventive strategies. Furthermore, the report emphasizes the importance of strengthening the notification and monitoring of adverse events at the local level, underscoring the need for greater awareness and engagement from healthcare professionals in different regions. Recommendations are proposed to enhance the quality of reports and encourage closer collaboration between departments, with the goal of improving patient safety and optimizing the management of adverse events associated with medications in the Colombian context. 

]]> Juan Nicolás Giraldo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Baioni_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 16:00:50 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Baioni_et_al_2023a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods such as the Material Point Method (MPM) can be cast in formulations suitable to the requirements of data locality and fine-grained parallelism of modern hardware accelerators such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). While continuum mechanics simulations have already shown the capabilities of MPM on a wide range of phenomena, the use of the method in compressible gas dynamics is less frequent. This contribution aims to show the potential of a GPU-based MPM parallel implementation for compressible fluid dynamics, as well as to assess the reliability of this approach in reproducing supersonic gas flows against solid obstacles. The results in the paper represent a stepping stone towards a highly parallel, Multi-GPU, MPM-base solver for M ach > 1 Fluid-Structure Interaction problems.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Berzins_2023b Thu, 23 Nov 2023 16:00:32 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Berzins_2023b The Material Point Method (MPM) is widely used for challenging applications in engineering, and animation but lags behind some other methods in terms of error analysis and computable error estimates. The complexity and nonlinearity of the equations solved by the method and its reliance both on a mesh and on moving particles makes error estimation challenging. Some preliminary error analysis of a simple MPM method has shown the global error to be first order in space and time for a widely-used variant of the Material Point Method. The overall time dependent nature of MPM also complicates matters as both space and time errors and their evolution must be considered thus leading to the use of explicit error transport equations. The preliminary use of an error estimator based on this transport approach has yielded promising results in the 1D case. One other source of error in MPM is the grid-crossing error that can be problematic for large deformations leading to large errors that are identified by the error estimator used. The extension of the error estimation approach to two space higher dimensions is considered and together with additional algorithmic and theoretical results, shown to give promising results in preliminary computational experiments.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Li_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:56:24 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Li_2023a Coke moisture content plays a crucial role as a quality indicator in ironmaking. Fast
and accurate measurement of coke moisture content can effectively ensure operational stability,
thereby guaranteeing the quality of pig iron. Coke with different moisture levels exhibits
variations in light reflection, refraction, and powder adhesion characteristics. Drawing from this
premise, we employed an image analysis approach to analyse the colour and texture features of
coke images with varying moisture content. The results indicated that certain specific image
features are highly sensitive to changes in coke moisture content. This study also conducted
testing and comparison of performances of three common machine learning models in
predicting coke moisture content based on image analysis. The Support Vector Machine (SVM)
predictive model for coke moisture content based on image analysis showed optimal
performance. This demonstrated a close connection between coke image features and moisture
content.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Thornton_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:55:59 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Thornton_et_al_2023a Creating predictive computer simulations, i.e. virtual prototypes, of complex granular industrial processes has many challenges. In this paper we review recent advances in creating such virtual prototypes. We introduce the open-source code MercuryDPM [1], which is often applied to complex industrial applications via the spin-off company MercuryLab. We briefly discuss how to import complex industrial geometries and how to deal with large numbers of particles and wide size-distributions. Then we focus on how to create a computer representation of an actual granular material, the so-called model calibration. For calibration, we start by reviewing what parameters need to be measured and what experimental characterisation machines are available. We present an industrially practical calibration method, where certain parameters are directly measured and others are indirectly calibrated, using a variety of machine-learning techniques, implemented in the open-source codes GrainLearning [2], TensorFlow [3] and scikit-learn [4]. With GrainLearning, one can find local optima in only two to three iterations, even for complex contact models with many microscopic parameters. On the other hand, TensorFlow and scikit-learn use two popular supervised learning algorithms, Neural Network (NN) and Random Forest (RF) regression, respectivly. After a training period consisting of hundreds of particle simulations, NN and RF are capable of providing a mapping between the micro-parameters and the bulk behaviour, which can be used to find the optimal micro-parameters that correspond to the experimentally observed behaviour.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Quist_Edelvik_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:52:35 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Quist_Edelvik_2023a The minerals processing and aggregate industry have relied on steady-state
population and mass balance simulators for decades. However, accurately modeling new
processes remains a critical challenge that hinders innovation and decision-making in the
industry. In recent years, time-dynamic simulators have been developed, which offer
more accurate predictions of process variability and performance, as well as the ability
to introduce regulators and control algorithms. Yet, these still require simplified process
models of each unit in the system. The development of high-performance discrete element
method (DEM) solvers with advanced particle physics models presents a new opportunity
to model complete comminution and classification processes.
In this paper, we discuss the potential, challenges, and current limitations of using
DEM for advanced dynamic process and equipment evaluation, exemplified by a coarse
comminution crushing and screening case. We demonstrate the methodology using a
GPU polyhedral DEM implementation with a boundary-volume hierarchy (BVH) collision
search algorithm. The results show that the scale of a full-scale two-stage crushing process
is possible to simulate. The transition from algebraic process models to DEM would make
a significant advancement, bridging the current gap between overly simplified generalized
process models and specific equipment design. This approach offers exciting opportunities
for the mineral processing and aggregate industry to develop more innovative and efficient
circuits.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ma_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:47:41 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ma_et_al_2023a Debris flows overriding steep valleys can cause a significant decrease in bed friction resistance due to undrained excess pore water pressure, leading to an exponential increase in both destructiveness and volume. This study develops a two-phase numerical model based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics to simulate the progressive entrainment behavior of debris flow accurately. The fluid and bed-sediment materials are modeled using the non-Newtonian Bingham-type Herschel-Bulkley-Papanastasiou (HBP) constitutive model. The mass erosion behavior of debris flow is achieved and augmented by incorporating the Drucker-Prager (DP) softening model, which accounts for variations in the pore water pressure ratio across different saturation states. A straightforward phase-change approach is implemented according to the mutation of effective viscosity to prevent any minute displacements of viscoplastic materials when subjected to steep inclinations. The multi-phase model has been compared with the large scale flume experiments conducted by the United States Geological Survey. The 3-D numerical results obtained from the rigid bed, dry and wet erodible bed exhibit a good agreement with the experimental data, encompassing flow momentum feedback and erosion patterns. This paper initially attempts to simulate the entrainment of multiple phases in a steep valley by incorporating viscoplastic flow.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Fujioka_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:47:22 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Fujioka_et_al_2023a Particle methods such as the SPH and MPS methods have problems because it is difficult to treat curved bottom surfaces such as seabed surfaces accurately. In this study, regarding this problem, the curved bottom surfaces’ treatments have been improved using a coordinate transformation using the high-order second derivative model called SPH(2). Although the theory for the coordinate transformation was established in the MPS method, its accuracy did not give the desired accuracy because of the numerical errors of the second derivative models. Therefore, the numerical errors in these coordinate transformations were overcome by applying the second derivative model of SPH(2) to the coordinate transformation formulas. The superiority and validity of the proposed coordinate transformation using SPH(2) are demonstrated through validation examples such as the hydrostatic pressure and dam-break problems.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Singer_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:47:01 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Singer_et_al_2023a In recent years, the intensity and frequency of natural hazards such as landslides, debris flow and avalanches have increased significantly due to climate change and global warming. These catastrophic events are responsible for numerous destructions of infrastructures with high economic losses and, even worse, often claim human lives. Therefore, in addition to the prediction, the design and installation of protective structures are of tremendous importance. Due to its hybrid approach of an Eulerian background grid in combination with Lagrangian moving material points, the Material Point Method (MPM) is particularly suited to capture the flow process of those mass movement hazards. For the numerical simulation of protective structures, however, other numerical methods are often preferable. Considering highly flexible structures, which are often utilized due to their high energy absorption capacity classical Finite Element Method (FEM) is best suited to model cable, beam, and membrane elements, while a retaining wall consisting of a few discrete blocks may be preferable modeled by Discrete Element Method (DEM). Therefore, we are proposing partitioned coupling approaches to combine the advantages of different numerical methods so that the protective structures can be appropriately designed to withstand the impact of those mass movement hazards.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Zheng_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:42:15 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Zheng_et_al_2023a In recent years, significant advancements in computational efficiency have enabled the application of advanced numerical models to solve boundary value problems (BVPs) in geotechnics, including those related to large-displacement problems. However, challenging problems, such as those involving open-ended piles (OEs) in soft rocks, require specialized approaches due to material and geometrical non linearities combined to the large deformation soil-structure interaction. This paper presents a comparison of two approaches for modeling OE pile installation in soft rocks. The first approach employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which represents the rock as separate particles bonded together, and introduces a new contact model for highly porous rocks. The second approach uses the Geotechnical Particle Finite Element Method (GPFEM) and investigates the coupled hydromechanical effects during pile installation using a robust and mesh-independent implementation of an elastic-plastic constitutive model at large strains. The DEM approach explores the micromechanical features of pile plugging and unveils the mechanisms behind radial stress distributions inside and outside the plug. The study highlights the strengths and limitations of each modeling approach, providing insights into the behavior of OE piles in soft rocks.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Mohapatra_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:36:25 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Mohapatra_et_al_2023a This paper shows a numerical replication of a laboratory-scale free fall cone penetrometer test of marine clay. The numerical simulation involves large deformations and considers the destructuration of clay, strain rate effects, and non-linear material behaviour. The numerical simulation well replicates the laboratory experiment captured on a high-speed camera. The penetration process is replicated accurately in time, and the depth of the penetration corresponds to that obtained in an experiment. The simulation results indicate that the numerical framework implemented in Uintah software, consisting of an advanced soil model and the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method, is well-suited for replication of the dynamic penetration process in soft and sensitive marine clay.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Dhanai_Bhattacharya_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:36:06 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Dhanai_Bhattacharya_2023a Geohazards such as rockfall, catastrophic landslides, and debris flow pose a significant risk due to the rapid movement of the vast amount of granular material carrying tremendous destructive potential and energy. Experimental and numerical studies on channelized flumes have been prevalent in analyzing the kinematics and dynamics of the flow and their interaction with various mitigation measures along the projected flow path. Continuum, discontinuum, and hybrid numerical methods have been successfully employed in the past to comprehend the complex material behaviour of granular mass flows. Although the numerical schemes within a continuum setting offer some insights into critical factors like flow velocity, flow depth, runout distance, etc., the granular interaction within the particle ensemble and the impact force on the barrier system for a better estimate of the force-transmission paths cannot be accounted for. The present study employs the Discrete Element Method to investigate the underlying physics of the micromechanical interaction of the granular assembly with the rigid barrier. Although past studies have explored granular flow-like events within a discrete setting, such studies did not incorporate particle morphology. This paper explores the effect of particle shape on kinematics and impact dynamics against a rigid obstacle. First, the numerical results have been benchmarked against the experimental studies for conventional spherical particles, and then we explore the effect of particle morphology. The present findings indicate that the particle shape significantly influences the flow kinematics and leads to a reduction in impact force on the barrier due to the higher angularity of particles with different morphological features than spherical particles, generally considered in the existing literature. A more significant implication of this study is to better understand and design mitigation measures against geohazards.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Hilse_Scherer_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:35:50 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Hilse_Scherer_2023a In the present paper, contact heat transfer on a batch-operated single circular floor of a multiple hearth furnace is numerically examined using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The particles are agitated on the floor by a single rabble arm equipped with mixing blades. Two different rabble arm configurations are studied, a rabble arm with three blades covering just the area from the centre of the floor to the wall enclosing the circular floor, and a rabble arm with six blades, which covers the whole diameter of the floor. The floor temperature is set to 100°C, and the initial particle temperature is 20°C. Spherical particles made of aluminium and polyoxymethylene (POM) with two particle diameters (10 and 20 mm) are examined. Blade angle inclination is varied, namely, 0°, 45° and 90°. The major results are that for POM spheres the major mechanism dominating contact heat transfer is the gas layer in the vicinity of the contact point particle-floor, whereas for aluminium the heat transfer through the direct contact point of floor and particle is of equal importance as the heat transfer through the gas layer. For the first configuration with three blades, a larger blade angle leads to lower heat up rates, while the second configuration with six blades, increases the heating rate for larger blade angles.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Srivastava_Mariappan_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:27:52 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Srivastava_Mariappan_2023a Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Uematsu_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:27:32 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Uematsu_et_al_2023a The bonded magnet, which is formed by mixing magnet materials such as neodymium-based and ferrite-based materials with resin, has the characteristic of being able to be formed into small and complex shapes due to the resin being the binding material. It is used in small motors embedded in hard disk drives and motors for home appliances. The major methods for forming bonded magnets are compression molding and injection molding. In this study, injection molding is selected, which can easily apply to complex shape compared to compression molding. However, injection molding has the disadvantage of variability in density and magnetic properties of the molded products. This is due to the difficulty in observing the material flow, as the molding process progresses inside the mold and multiple processes occur simultaneously such as injection, compression, magnetization, and curing. Therefore, determining the optimal molding parameters for injection molding of bonded magnets requires numerous experimental trials. Based on the above, it is believed that predicting the behavior of resin inside the mold during the molding process using numerical simulation can provide guidelines for determining the optimal molding parameters. The authors have previously proposed a coupled analysis method of "fluid analysis and temperature analysis using MPS (Moving Particle Simulation) method, and magnetic field analysis using magnetic moment method." The objective of this study is to assess the solidification process of resin on the mold surface, utilizing a rectangular-shaped mold model.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kurugodu_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 15:20:39 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Kurugodu_et_al_2023a In situ tests for geotechnical investigations can provide a reliable prediction of the soil behaviour because they accurately represent the stress state while preserving the soil structure and the inherent material fabric. These tests complement the information obtained from laboratory element tests on undisturbed or reconstituted specimens. The pressuremeter test is one such example of an in-situ tool that is used to obtain soil properties based on measured pressure-volume data. The pressuremeter test is considered a large deformation problem within a numerical framework. Furthermore, it is commonly idealized as a cylindrical cavity expansion within the realms of conventional finite element schemes. In order to address the issue related to excessive mesh distortion aspects, the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach developed within a continuum framework, namely the Material Point Method (MPM), has been adopted in the present study to investigate the pressuremeter expansion process. First, the results obtained are benchmarked against those from classical cavity expansion problems for a pressure-dependent frictional material. The computed results are in good agreement with both the closed-form solutions and displacement-controlled experiments reported in the literature. A parametric study was performed to further investigate the influence of the loading rate, material properties, and heterogeneities on the pressuremeter test simulations.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ali_et_al_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 14:06:46 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Ali_et_al_2023a In the discrete element method (DEM), the granular response is affected by the selection of boundary conditions, thereby emphasizing the importance of their careful consideration [1]. Replicating the boundary conditions employed in experiments is crucial to have a quantitative agreement between the response observed in the simulation and laboratory test [2]. In this study, a calibrated and validated DEM model was utilized to perform a series of simulations featuring regular polygons with varying numbers of corners subjected to different boundary conditions. The aim was to examine the combined effect of particle shape and boundary conditions on the mechanical response of granular assemblies. Simulations were performed under three boundary conditions: rigid frictional walls (in which the friction between the particle-wall interface is equal to that between the particle-particle interface), rigid frictionless walls, and periodic boundary conditions (PBC). Interestingly, it was observed that qualitatively, the effect of particle shape on granular response was invariant, irrespective of boundary conditions employed. However, quantitatively, the shear strength of all shapes was significantly affected by boundary settings, with the maximum and minimum strengths exhibited under rigid frictional walls and periodic boundaries, respectively. The magnitude of the decrease in shear strength due to boundary conditions was contingent upon the particle shape, with angular assemblies demonstrating a significant change in strength relative to round assemblies. Angular particles in contact with rigid wall frictional boundaries exhibited lesser rotations, thereby inducing relatively significant shear forces on the walls, particularly those parallel to the shearing direction. On the other hand, round particles in contact with walls rotated to a greater extent, resulting in little or negligible shear forces with the walls. Furthermore, boundary conditions also affected deformation patterns, including the development of shear bands.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Staron_P._2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 14:02:13 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Staron_P._2023a This contribution focuses on the influence of the existence of a debonding length onto the behaviour of a cohesive granular sample. We apply a contact dynamics algorithm to study the effect of both contact adhesion strength and debonding length on the failure of a cohesive step, analysing a set of independent simulations. Contact adhesion strength coincides with stronger pile stability and larger apparent friction in the absence of any debonding length. We show that the existence of a larger debonding length amplifies this phenomenology. At large adhesion strength, we observe the existence of a sharp modification of the behaviour of the system even in the case of a very small debounding length, compared to the case of the absence of the latter. We compare the performance of the algorithm in the different cases, and show how increasing the debonding length leads to a better precision of the hard-core.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Reischl_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:56:29 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Reischl_2023a In this article, a visual proof is given that for a certain simple, yet analytically challenging mechanical system a unique solution exists, which can be found by simple fixed-point iteration as easily to be performed by the reader. As turns out, this system is mostly intractable by means of the finite element method, yet being easily manageable by means of the distinct/discrete element method. Thus, this article gives evidence to the assumption that systems exist which may yield almost arbitrarily wrong results when treated with the finite element method, while giving arbitrarily accurate results when handled by means of the discrete element or similar method.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Braga-Farinha_S._2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:52:52 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Braga-Farinha_S._2023a In this work three constitutive contact models that include softening are adopted for particle model fracture studies in both rock and concrete. For a single local contact, the constitutive contact model performance is initially compared in tensile, pure shear and shear tests under constant axial. Additionally, compression, direct tensile, and confined triaxial tests of quasi-britlle material discretized with spherical particles are presented and the predicted macroscopic response is compared. For a single local contact, the three contact models predict a similar behaviour. As shown, it is possible to calibrate each contact model to reproduce complex macroscopic behaviour observed in rock and concrete, but each contact model requires different contact properties or particle generation procedures

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Camara_R._2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:39:22 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Camara_R._2023a Asphalt mixture faces damage due to vehicle speed, repeated loads, and ultraviolet radiation over time, regardless of being a self-healing material. Induced healing mechanisms are necessary to promote autonomous pavement recovery due to adverse in-service conditions, and the capsule-asphalt mixture system incorporating low-viscosity oils (rejuvenators) has shown to be a possible solution in laboratory tests. This study aims to numerically investigate the effect of rejuvenator-modified mastic (activated capsules) on the stiffness properties of asphalt mixtures within the discrete element method. A three-dimensional model previously validated for rejuvenator-modified mastics with different rejuvenator-to-bitumen ratios (0, 2.5, and 10 wt%) is adopted. A generalised Kelvin contact model represents the time-dependent contacts, and its contact parameters define the rejuvenator amount in the mastic phase. The analysis assesses the impact of the modified mastic amount and the rejuvenator-to-bitumen ratio. Results show that the increasing modified mastic content progressively reduces the mixture dynamic modulus. When the total mastic phase has rejuvenator-modified properties, the mixture stiffness modulus significantly reduces, and the phase angle performs differently from the expected (decrease with frequency) at a 10% rejuvenator-to-bitumen ratio due to the excessively softened state, possibly compromising the pavement mechanical performance. For a 0.30 wt% modified mastic ratio case adopting a local effect, the embedded elements do not significantly influence the mixture rheological properties, especially the stiffness modulus, which may be insufficient for self-healing purposes. Nevertheless, the negligible impact on the phase angle highlights the potential of the rejuvenator-modified asphalt mixture across different traffic and temperature condition

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Cherniaev_Gudisey_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:38:28 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Cherniaev_Gudisey_2023a Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object traveling at a typical orbital speed (7 km/s and higher) can be detrimental for both the spacecraft and the orbital environment. Due to the high cost of the physical HVI experiments, numerical modeling plays a significant role in conducting such analyses. In particular, the smoothed particles hydrodynamics technique (SPH) was previously found applicable for simulating scenarios involving extreme deformations and fragmentation, including hypervelocity impact. With the extensive use of advanced lightweight materials in space structures, it is important to find a rational way of representing them using the SPH framework. This study reports the results of SPH modeling of two distinct types of lightweight materials often employed in space structures: open-cell foams and fiber-reinforced composites. For foams, explicit representation of their complex mesoscopic architecture was achieved by filling the STL exteriors (generated using X-ray computed tomography) with SPH particles. For laminated composites, ply-wise representation was obtained using finite elements that could locally and adaptively transform to SPH particles when the elements become highly distorted and inefficient. Results of HVI simulations involving foams and composites were compared with available experimental data. The advantages and limitations of the modeling techniques are discussed. Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object traveling at a typical orbital speed (7 km/s and higher) can be detrimental for both the spacecraft and the orbital environment. Due to the high cost of the physical HVI experiments, numerical modeling plays a significant role in conducting such analyses. In particular, the smoothed particles hydrodynamics technique (SPH) was previously found applicable for simulating scenarios involving extreme deformations and fragmentation, including hypervelocity impact. With the extensive use of advanced lightweight materials in space structures, it is important to find a rational way of representing them using the SPH framework. This study reports the results of SPH modeling of two distinct types of lightweight materials often employed in space structures: open-cell foams and fiber-reinforced composites. For foams, explicit representation of their complex mesoscopic architecture was achieved by filling the STL exteriors (generated using X-ray computed tomography) with SPH particles. For laminated composites, ply-wise representation was obtained using finite elements that could locally and adaptively transform to SPH particles when the elements become highly distorted and inefficient. Results of HVI simulations involving foams and composites were compared with available experimental data. The advantages and limitations of the modeling techniques are discussed. Spacecraft must be analyzed for their ability to survive hypervelocity impacts (HVI) by orbital debris, as collision of a space vehicle with even a millimeter-sized object traveling at a typical orbital speed (7 km/s and higher) can be detrimental for both the spacecraft and the orbital environment. Due to the high cost of the physical HVI experiments, numerical modeling plays a significant role in conducting such analyses. In particular, the smoothed particles hydrodynamics technique (SPH) was previously found applicable for simulating scenarios involving extreme deformations and fragmentation, including hypervelocity impact. With the extensive use of advanced lightweight materials in space structures, it is important to find a rational way of representing them using the SPH framework. This study reports the results of SPH modeling of two distinct types of lightweight materials often employed in space structures: open-cell foams and fiber-reinforced composites. For foams, explicit representation of their complex mesoscopic architecture was achieved by filling the STL exteriors (generated using X-ray computed tomography) with SPH particles. For laminated composites, ply-wise representation was obtained using finite elements that could locally and adaptively transform to SPH particles when the elements become highly distorted and inefficient. Results of HVI simulations involving foams and composites were compared with available experimental data. The advantages and limitations of the modeling techniques are discussed.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Bridhani_Saravanan_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:38:11 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Bridhani_Saravanan_2023a This study investigates the ability of three different approaches for constructing smooth and continuous mesh-free basis functions, namely: (i) assuming one degree of freedom per node with the moving least squares method, (ii) assuming six degrees of freedom per node with moving least squares method, and (iii) assuming six degrees of freedom per node with Hermite-type moving least squares method. Further, it provides evidence that all three approaches can generate continuous mesh-free basis functions;however, the first and third approach results in a C^2 continuous mesh-free basis, where the function and its first and second-order derivatives are related. Finally, a comparative study is performed among the three approaches using fourth-order polynomial basis and fifth-order spline weight function.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Fimbinger_2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:37:54 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Fimbinger_2023a Bonded-particle modelling is a powerful approach for simulating particle made structures with enhanced abilities, i.e., structures that are able to deform, brake/fracture, and thus interact with other particles of a DEM simulation in an enhanced complex manner. This modelling approach is based on connecting particles with beam elements (commonly termed bondings, with each bonding connecting two particles) to create a bonded-particle model (BPM), typically consisting of a large number of particles and bondings. The behaviour of such a BPM can be adjusted in two categories: via properties related to the particles, e.g. their mass, shape, or frictional characteristics, and via properties related to the bondings, e.g. their Young’s moduli or breakage criteria. This contribution presents developments in complex bonded-particle modelling for achieving flexible/deformable and breakable/fracturable structures and highlights the enhanced capabilities made possible by using this approach. For this purpose, various applications for bonded-particle modelling in DEM simulations are presented, with selected case studies each demonstrating the effectiveness of bonded-particle modelling in solving practical engineering problems, including: - 1D BPMs, e.g., deformable beams or ropes and chains, - 2D BPMs, e.g., membranes, textiles, nets, bags, shell-like parts (e.g. silos), or conveyor belts (with particular reference to dynamic belt simulation), and - 3D BPMs, e.g., complex-breakable structures (e.g. with considering crack formation or dynamic impact handling; e.g. illustrated on filter cake material). Furthermore, possible interaction scenarios, including interactions of BPMs to particles, rigid parts, other BPMs, or even in terms of SPH (Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamic) or MBD (Multibody Dynamics), are addressed. Finally, current developments and potential future directions in this field are outlined, and potentials for extending this modelling approach to further application areas are discussed.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo https://www.scipedia.com/public/Craveiro_P._2023a Thu, 23 Nov 2023 13:37:35 +0100 https://www.scipedia.com/public/Craveiro_P._2023a The present work proposes a contact detection algorithm for convex particles whose boundaries are mathematically defined by non-uniform B-splines (NURBS). This algorithm involves a hierarchy of contact searches, including both global and local steps. The focus is on the formulation of the local contact problem (LCP) using a master-to-master approach. It is based on computer graphics and optimization techniques. Besides the algorithm, the paper also discusses strategies for modeling particle geometry and their implications in contact detection. The use of multiple parameterizations (patches) assembled in space, for instance, provides more flexibility in the construction of particles and avoids numerical singularities. However, it leads to local geometric imperfections at the connection between patches. The LCP formulation proposed herein can deal with such imperfections through a contact degeneration technique. An example shows the robustness of the method.

]]> Jesús Sánchez Pinedo